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arXiv 2603.07656stat.MEmath.STstat.APstat.COstat.TH
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组稀疏平滑用于具有时间变化系数的纵向模型

Group-Sparse Smoothing for Longitudinal Models with Time-Varying Coefficients

Academy of Life and Natural Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University(西交利物浦大学生命科学与自然科学学院)

Yu Lu, Tianni Zhang, Yuyao Wang, Mengfei Ran

AI总结:

TV-Select通过组稀疏平滑方法,有效识别纵向模型中时间变化与恒定效应,提升结构恢复与预测性能。

摘要:

纵向数据分析对于理解生物医学和社会科学中的动态过程至关重要。尽管变系数模型(VCMs)通过允许协变量效应随时间演变提供了一种灵活的框架,但将所有效应作为时间变化可能在某些效应实际上恒定时导致过拟合、效率损失和可解释性降低。相比之下,标准线性混合模型(LMMs)在忽略时间异质性时可能产生显著偏倚。为了解决这个问题,我们提出了时间变化效应选择(TV-Select),一种统一的结构识别框架,可以同时选择相关变量并确定其效应是恒定还是时间变化的。所提出的方法将每个系数函数分解为一个时间不变的均值成分和一个中心化的时间变化偏差,其中后者通过B样条近似。然后我们构建了一个双重惩罚目标函数,结合了用于结构稀疏性的群Lasso惩罚和用于平滑控制的粗糙度惩罚。开发了一个高效的块坐标下降算法进行计算。在常规半参数条件下,我们建立了选择一致性和oracle型渐近性质,包括正确结构恢复后常数效应成分的渐近正态性。模拟研究和实际数据应用表明,TV-Select在结构恢复、函数估计平滑性和预测性能方面均优于竞争方法。

英文摘要:

Longitudinal associations may vary over time, yet allowing every regression effect to be dynamic can inflate estimation variance and obscure interpretable structure. We develop time-varying-effect selection (TV-Select), a group-sparse smoothing framework that classifies covariate effects as zero, constant, or time varying. Each coefficient is decomposed into a constant mean and a centered temporal deviation represented by a full-rank, L2-normalized effective spline basis. A group penalty identifies varying components, while a roughness penalty controls their curvature. The resulting convex criterion is solved by cyclic block proximal-gradient updates and followed by smooth refitting. Under a full-column-rank unpenalized design and an effective model dimension that is small relative to the total number of observations, we establish prediction and parameter rates, blockwise function-estimation bounds, and exact recovery of the varying set under irrepresentability and beta-min conditions. A stable classification refit further separates zero from constant effects. For fixed-dimensional contrasts, we construct an oracle-equivalent one-step estimator with cluster-robust asymptotic normality and consistent sandwich variance estimation. Simulations demonstrate that TV-Select combines low false-positive rates with accurate function estimation and competitive prediction across a range of longitudinal settings. An application to Sleep-EDF data produces smooth and parsimonious temporal effect estimates with essentially unchanged held-out predictive performance.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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