Accurate longitudinal analysis of brain MRI is often hindered by evolving lesions, which bias automated neuroimaging pipelines. While deep generative models have shown promise in inpainting these lesions, most existing methods operate cross-sectionally or lack 3D anatomical continuity. We present a novel pseudo-3D longitudinal inpainting framework based on Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DDPM). Our approach utilizes multi-channel conditioning to incorporate longitudinal context from distinct visits (t_1, t_2) and extends Region-Aware Diffusion (RAD) to the medical domain, focusing the generative process on pathological regions without altering surrounding healthy tissue. We evaluated our model against state-of-the-art baselines on longitudinal brain MRI from 93 patients. Our model significantly outperforms the leading baseline (FastSurfer-LIT) in terms of perceptual fidelity, reducing the Learned Perceptual Image Patch Similarity (LPIPS) distance from 0.07 to 0.03 while effectively eliminating inter-slice discontinuities. Furthermore, our model demonstrates high longitudinal stability with a Temporal Fidelity Index of 1.024, closely approaching the ideal value of 1.0 and substantially narrowing the gap compared to LIT's TFI of 1.22. Notably, the RAD mechanism provides a substantial gain in efficiency; our framework achieves an average processing time of 2.53 min per volume, representing approximately 10x speedup over the 24.30 min required by LIT. By leveraging longitudinal priors and region-specific denoising, our framework provides a highly reliable and efficient preprocessing step for the study of progressive neurodegenerative diseases. A derivative dataset consisting of 93 pre-processed scans used for testing will be available upon request after acceptance. Code will be released upon acceptance.
Automatic lesion detection, segmentation and characterization via 3D multiscale morphological sifting in breast MRI
School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Queensland（昆士兰大学信息技术与电气工程学院）；Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology（昆士兰科技大学科学与工程学院）
Dual-Encoder Transformer-Based Multimodal Learning for Ischemic Stroke Lesion Segmentation Using Diffusion MRI
Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University（麻醉学、围术期与疼痛医学系，斯坦福大学）；Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University（生物医学科学系，首尔国立大学）；Department of Computer Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST)（计算机工程系，国立科学与技术大学（NUST））；Department of Computer Science, The University of Alabama（计算机科学系，阿拉巴马大学）；Department of Computer Science, Hanyang University（计算机科学系，翰阳大学）
Scanner Invariant Multiple Sclerosis Lesion Segmentation from MRI
Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia（意大利理工学院）；Simon Fraser University（西蒙弗雷泽大学）；University of Verona（维罗纳大学）；Fondation Campus Biotech（生物科技园区基金会）；University of British Columbia（不列颠哥伦比亚大学）；Fondazione Bruno Kessler（布鲁诺·凯斯勒基金会）
Controllable Diffusion-Based Lesion Inpainting for Scalable Histopathology Data Augmentation
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong（香港大学李嘉诚医学院诊断放射学系）；Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong（香港大学李嘉诚医学院病理学系）；Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong（香港中文大学威尔斯亲王医院解剖及细胞病理学系）；Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong（香港城市大学赛马会动物医学及生命科学院传染病及公共卫生学系）；CityU Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory Co., Ltd., City University of Hong Kong（香港城市大学城市大学兽医诊断实验室有限公司）
Unsupervised brain lesion segmentation from MRI using a convolutional autoencoder
University of Iceland（冰岛大学）；Landspitali - University Hospital（兰斯皮塔利大学医院）；The Icelandic Heart Association（冰岛心脏协会）；The Johns Hopkins University（约翰斯·霍普金斯大学）
LesiOnTime -- Joint Temporal and Clinical Modeling for Small Breast Lesion Segmentation in Longitudinal DCE-MRI
Computational Imaging Research Lab, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria（医学影像研究实验室，生物医学影像与影像引导治疗系，维也纳医科大学）；Comprehensive Center for AI in Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria（医学人工智能综合中心，维也纳医科大学）；Breast Health Center, Privatklinik Döbling, Austria（乳腺健康中心，多克林根私人诊所）；Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria（生物医学影像与影像引导治疗系，维也纳医科大学）；Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria（妇产科系，维也纳医科大学）；Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria（病理学系，维也纳医科大学）；Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria（综合癌症中心，维也纳医科大学）
Prostate Lesion Estimation using Prostate Masks from Biparametric MRI
Istanbul Technical University（伊斯坦布尔理工大学）；Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University School of Medicine（阿吉巴德姆·穆罕默德·阿里·艾丁拉尔大学医学院）；Bahcesehir University（巴耶塞特大学）
Model Agnostic Saliency for Weakly Supervised Lesion Detection from Breast DCE-MRI
The University of Adelaide（阿德莱德大学）；Australian Institute for Machine Learning（澳大利亚机器学习研究所）；Delft University of Technology（代尔夫特理工大学）；Queensland University of Technology（昆士兰科技大学）
Automated Detection of Cortical Lesions in Multiple Sclerosis Patients with 7T MRI
Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne（洛桑联邦理工学院）；University of Lausanne（洛桑大学）；Lausanne University Hospital（洛桑大学医院）；National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke（美国国家神经疾病与卒中研究所）；National Institutes of Health（美国国立卫生研究院）；University of Bern（伯尔尼大学）；University of Pennsylvania（宾夕法尼亚大学）；Cedars-Sinai Medical Center（西达赛奈医疗中心）
Local Gamma Augmentation for Ischemic Stroke Lesion Segmentation on MRI
University of Copenhagen（哥本哈根大学）；Cerebriu A/S（Cerebriu公司）；Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark（哥本哈根大学医院）；Pioneer Centre for Artificial Intelligence, University of Copenhagen（哥本哈根大学人工智能先锋中心）
Automatic Rodent Brain MRI Lesion Segmentation with Fully Convolutional Networks
AI Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland（东芬兰大学AI·维尔塔宁分子科学研究所）；Charles River Discovery Services（查尔斯河发现服务公司）；Centro Fermi - Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi（费米中心——恩里科·费米物理历史博物馆与研究中心）
Multiple Sclerosis Lesion Synthesis in MRI using an encoder-decoder U-NET
Research Institute of Computer Vision and Robotics, University of Girona（赫罗纳大学计算机视觉与机器人研究所）；Assiut University（艾斯尤特大学）；Vall d’Hebron University Hospital（瓦尔德希伯伦大学医院）
P-Count: Persistence-based Counting of White Matter Hyperintensities in Brain MRI
Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, MGH and Harvard Medical School（马蒂诺斯生物医学成像中心，麻省总医院与哈佛医学院）；Center for Medical Image Computing, University College London（伦敦大学学院医学影像计算中心）；Amsterdam University Medical Center（阿姆斯特丹大学医学中心）；Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Copenhagen University Hospital（哥本哈根大学医院丹麦磁共振研究中心）；Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, MIT（麻省理工学院计算机科学与人工智能实验室）
A fully 3D multi-path convolutional neural network with feature fusion and feature weighting for automatic lesion identification in brain MRI images
New Jersey Institute of Technology（新泽西理工学院）；Kessler Foundation（凯斯勒基金会）；Emory University（埃默里大学）；Atlanta VA Medical Center（亚特兰大退伍军人事务医疗中心）；Medical College of Wisconsin（威斯康星医学院）；Rutgers University - Newark（罗格斯大学纽瓦克分校）
我们提出了一个全三维多路径卷积网络来预测中风病变的三维脑MRI图像。我们的多路径模型具有针对包含残余卷积块的不同模态的独立编码器、来自不同模态的加权多路径特征融合以及用于组合编码器和解码器特征的加权融合模块。与DeepMedic、3D U-Net和AnatomyNet等现有的3D CNN相比，我们的网络在220名患者的大型ATLAS基准测试中实现了最高的统计学显著交叉验证准确率（60.5%）。我们还在来自Kessler Foundation和Medical College Wisconsin的多模态图像上测试了我们的模型，并实现了65%的统计学显著交叉验证准确率，显著优于多模态3D U-Net和DeepMedic。总的来说，我们的模型提供了一个原则性的，可扩展的多路径方法，优于多通道的替代品，并在现有的基准实现高骰子精度。
Comparative evaluation of training strategies using partially labelled datasets for segmentation of white matter hyperintensities and stroke lesions in FLAIR MRI
Modality-Agnostic Input Channels Enable Segmentation of Brain lesions in Multimodal MRI with Sequences Unavailable During Training
Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK（工程科学系，牛津大学，牛津，英国）；Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK（牛津大学临床神经科学系，牛津，英国）
IMPORTANT-Net: Integrated MRI Multi-Parameter Reinforcement Fusion Generator with Attention Network for Synthesizing Absent Data
The Netherlands Cancer Institute（荷兰癌症研究所）
磁共振成像（MRI）对于乳房中的病变检测是高度敏感的。通过不同的设置获得的序列可以捕获病变的特定特征。这种多参数MRI信息已经被证明可以提高放射科医师在病变分类方面的表现，以及提高人工智能模型在各种任务中的表现。然而，获得多参数MRI使得检查在财务和时间方面都是昂贵的，并且对于特殊人群可能存在安全性问题，从而使得MRI序列的全谱采集不太持久。在这项研究中，不同于原始输入融合或现有MRI参数的特征拼接，开发了一种新的$\textbf{I}$集成MRI $\textbf{M}$多功能增强$\textbf{O}$规则融合生成器$\textbf{R}$ wi $\textbf{T}$ h $\textbf{A}$ tte $\textbf{NT}$ ion Network（IMPORTANT-Net）来生成缺失参数。首先，参数重建模块用于编码和恢复现有的MRI参数，以获得相应的潜在表示信息在任何尺度水平。多参数融合注意模块通过一组算法策略使不同参数的编码信息相互作用，并通过信息融合后的注意机制对信息赋予不同的权重，得到精细化的表征信息。最后，使用嵌入在$V^{-}$形状生成模块中的强化融合方案来组合分层表示以生成缺失的MRI参数。结果表明，我们的IMPORTANT-Net能够生成缺失的MRI参数，并优于同类最先进的网络。我们的代码可在https://github.com/Netherlan…
