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arXiv 2603.03643astro-ph.SRastro-ph.EP
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类星M型恒星的长期活动周期观测

Long-term activity cycles in planetary M stars observed with SOPHIE

Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio, CONICET–UBA(空间物理与天文学研究所);Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)(国家科学研究委员会);Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires (ITBA)(布宜诺斯艾利斯理工学院);Instituto de Ciencias Físicas (CONICET / ECyT-UNSAM)(物理科学研究所);Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - Observatorio Astronómico de Córdoba(科尔多瓦国立大学 - 科尔多瓦天文台);Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CNES, LAM(艾克斯马赛大学);Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG(格勒诺布尔阿尔卑斯大学)

C. G. Oviedo, A. P. Buccino, R. F. Díaz, R. Petrucci, E. Jofré, I. Boisse, P. D. Colombo, X. Delfosse

AI总结:

研究通过分析M型恒星的光谱数据,发现其长期磁活动周期,揭示了不同恒星的磁活动机制差异。

摘要:

M型恒星因其低质量和半径,是系外行星搜索的主要目标,这使得在它们的适居带中检测小行星成为可能。然而,M型恒星的磁活动可能会在径向速度测量中引入信号,这些信号可能被误认为行星的特征,因此理解恒星活动周期对于准确检测和表征行星至关重要。我们旨在利用一个同质且广泛的光谱数据集,识别和表征M型恒星的长期磁活动周期,以更好地理解其磁变异性及其对系外行星检测的影响。我们分析了使用SOPHIE光谱仪获得的13年高分辨率光谱数据,用于两个已知拥有系外行星的早期M型恒星。我们同时监测了色球活动,使用两个指标:Hα指数和Mount Wilson S指数。长期趋势通过正弦曲线和低阶多项式拟合进行建模,以稳健地识别恒星活动周期。对于GJ 617A,我们报告了一个约4.8年的周期,而对于GJ 411,我们发现几个特征变化时间尺度约为4.9年。此外,TESS光度数据揭示了GJ617A的短期变化迹象。检测到的GJ 617A和GJ 411的长期变化周期与之前报告的任何行星信号都不重合,这加强了它们磁性起源的假设。如果确实变化是由活动引起的,检测到的周期将不是由相同机制驱动:GJ 617A的周期与太阳型发电机一致,而GJ 411中检测到的长期周期似乎旋转在其中扮演不同的角色。

英文摘要:

M dwarfs are prime targets for exoplanet searches due to their low masses and radii, which enable the detection of small planets in their habitable zones (HZs). However, the magnetic activity of M dwarfs can introduce signals in radial velocity measure- ments that may be mistaken for planetary signatures, making the understanding of stellar activity cycles crucial for accurate planet detection and characterisation. We aim to identify and characterise long-term magnetic activity cycles in M dwarfs using a homogeneous and extensive spectroscopic dataset in order to better understand their magnetic variability and its implications for exoplanet detection. We analysed 13 years of high-resolution spectra obtained with the SOPHIE spectrograph for two early M dwarfs known to host exoplanets. We simultaneously monitored chromospheric activity using two indicators, the Hα index and the Mount Wilson S -index. Long-term trends were modelled using both sinusoidal and low-order polynomial fits to robustly identify stellar activity cycles. For GJ 617A, we report a cycle of approximately 4.8 years, while for GJ 411, we find several characteristic timescales of variability of about 4.9 years. In addition, TESS photometric data reveal signs of short-term variability in GJ617A. The periods of the long-term variability detected for GJ 617A and GJ 411 do not coincide with any of the planetary signals previously reported, which reinforces the hypothesis that they are of magnetic origin. If indeed the variability is due to activity, the cycles detected would not be driven by the same mechanism: The cycle in GJ 617A is consistent with a solar-like dynamo, while the rotation seems to play a different role in the long-term cycles detected in GJ 411.

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