Luigi Zallio, Miguel Vioque, Sean M. Andrews, Aaron Empey, Giovanni P. Rosotti, Anna Miotello, Carlo F. Manara, John M. Carpenter, Dingshan Deng, Nicolás T. Kur… 展开作者
Luigi Zallio, Miguel Vioque, Sean M. Andrews, Aaron Empey, Giovanni P. Rosotti, Anna Miotello, Carlo F. Manara, John M. Carpenter, Dingshan Deng, Nicolás T. Kurtovic, Charles J. Law, Cristiano Longarini, Teresa Paneque-Carreno, Richard Teague, Marion Villenave, Hsi-Wei Yen, Francesco Zagaria
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Accepted for publication in A&A. 7 Figures, 2 Tables
Stellar masses are a fundamental property to understand models of pre-main sequence evolution, but their values derived from Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagrams are strongly model dependent. We benchmark pre-main sequence stellar evolutionary tracks using stellar masses dynamically estimated by fitting a parametric model to ALMA observations of the $^{12}$CO $(J=3-2)$ line transition emitted by the disks orbiting 20 sources in the old ($4-14$ Myr) Upper Scorpius star forming region. We derive stellar masses from HR diagram fitting for ten different stellar evolutionary models, which we then compare with their stellar dynamical masses for comparison in the stellar mass range $0.1-1.3 \> M_\odot$. Models with a moderate-to-low fraction of cold stellar spots ($f=17\%$) most accurately reproduce the dynamical stellar masses ($100\%$ of the targets agree within $\pm1σ$). While a higher spot coverage ($f=34\%$) provides similar stellar mass predictions similar to magnetic equipartition models, larger fractions ($f\geq51\%$) significantly disagree with dynamical masses. Magnetic equipartition models overestimate stellar masses up to a factor $\sim20\%$, whereas non-magnetic models underestimate them up to $\sim12\%$. For some models, there is evidence that the stellar mass discrepancies are anticorrelated with dynamical stellar masses. When stellar dynamical mass priors are considered in HR diagram fitting, the median age of a single source can change up to $\sim25\%$, while the median ages inferred across different tracks become consistent, with the age scatter decreasing by $\gtrsim77\%$. These results provide strong empirical constraints for testing and developing evolutionary models of pre-main sequence stars.
Benchmarking MESA isochrones against the Hyades single star sequence
基于盖亚EDR 3,我们重新审视并更新了毕宿疏散星团中真正的单星样本。EDR 3的视差和测光的观测不确定性很小,导致了一个严格定义的恒星序列,这是理想的测试和校准的理论恒星演化轨迹和等时线。我们基准太阳尺度的MESA演化模型对单星序列。我们发现,[Fe/H] = +0.25的非旋转MESA模型提供了一个很好的适合的恒星质量大于0.85,和非常低的质量恒星低于0.25 M $_\odot$。对于质量在0.25和0.85 M之间的恒星$_\odot$,模型系统地预测了观测到的恒星光度。对于质量大于0.35 M $_\odot$的部分对流恒星,模型的一个潜在限制是混合长度理论参数$α_{\rm ML}$调整到与太阳模型相匹配的(超绝热)对流的处方。低于0.35 M $_\odot$,恒星序列中散射的增加可能是对流接吻不稳定性的表现,这是由对流核心到包层边界的不稳定性引起的$^3$ He核能生产率的变化所驱动的。对于类似Hyades的恒星星族,将太阳尺度模型应用于太阳下质量恒星可能会导致年龄的显著低估,或者金属丰度的高估。我们建议,未来的太阳尺度的恒星演化模型的网格可以补充的质量范围为0.25至0.85 M $_\odot$的Hyades规模的模型。
The evolutionary tracks of young massive star clusters
恒星大多数是由几十到几万个成员组成的群体。30年来,理论模型提供了一个基本的概念,这些星团是如何形成和发展的:它们起源于坍缩分子云的气体和尘埃。从气体到恒星的转换是不完全的,剩余的气体被排出,导致星系团膨胀,恒星变得不受束缚。在观测上,这一过程的直接确认已被证明是难以捉摸的,这是由于形成团簇的性质的多样性。在这里,我们考虑到,真正的集群质量和大小被掩盖,最初的表面密度的背景,后来仍然存在的未绑定的恒星。基于最近的观测发现,在一个给定的恒星形成区域的恒星形成效率取决于当地的气体密度,我们使用的分析方法结合\mbox{N-body simulations, to reveal}演化轨迹的年轻大质量集群覆盖的第一个10万年。就像赫兹-罗素图是恒星演化的度量一样,这些轨道为星团提供了等价的信息。像恒星一样,大质量星团的形成和发展速度比它们的低质量同行更快,这解释了为什么很少发现大质量星团的祖先。
A discontinuity in the luminosity-mass relation and fluctuations in the evolutionary tracks of low-mass and low-metallicity stars at the Gaia M-dwarf gap
盖亚M-矮星间隙是最近在色星等图中发现的一个特征,显示在主序低端缺乏低质量和低金属丰度的恒星。我们的目标是在低金属丰度进行理论恒星建模,使用一个精细的质量步骤和精细的时间步长,特别是寻找从部分到完全对流的过渡模型,因为对流接吻不稳定,发生在这个过渡被认为是差距的原因。用MESA方法模拟了金属丰度为Z = 0.01、Z = 0.001和Z = 0.0001的恒星演化模型,质量步长为0.00025 M $_{\odot}$,时间步长为50,000年。小的时间步长产生的模型在Hertzsprung-Russell(HR)图中的进化轨迹中经历循环。有效温度和光度的波动对应于对流包层底部与对流核心顶部合并的重复事件,将$^3$ He从核心输送到表面。除了从部分对流到完全对流的切换事件外,还发现了几个产生低振幅波动的近合并事件,低金属丰度模型经历对流接吻不稳定性的时间更长,波动振幅比金属丰度更高的模型更高。模型中使用的小质量步长揭示了所有三种金属丰度下光度-质量关系的不连续性。
GASTAG evolutionary tracks and isochrones from coupled 1D and 3D models: Systematic temperature offsets in red giants
University of Oslo(奥斯陆大学);University of Canterbury(坎特伯雷大学);Dartmouth College(达特茅斯学院);University of Hawai‘i(夏威夷大学);The Australian National University(澳大利亚国立大学)
Evolution of young protoclusters embedded in dense massive clumps. A new grid of population synthesis SED models and a new set of L/M evolutionary tracks