在随机传递下重组率修饰因子
Recombination Rate Modifiers under Stochastic Transmission
AI总结：
研究在随机传递下重组率修饰因子的进化，发现时间变异可改变确定性模型的预测方向。
摘要：
减少原理指出，在固定生存选择下接近稳定平衡时，一个中性修饰等位基因如果减少所选位点间的重组率则被 favored，而增加重组率的则被消除。这一结果假设世代间传递参数恒定，因此入侵由单个传递-选择矩阵的主导特征值决定。本文分析了这一框架的最小偏离。在二倍体模型中，两个位点经历对称的乘法生存选择，第三个中性位点修改它们的重组率。所有参数固定，除了修饰子杂合体的重组率在世代间随机变化，根据随机过程。当修饰子杂合体的重组率恒定时，减少原理严格成立：入侵发生如果稀有修饰等位基因相对于居民率减少重组率。当重组率在世代间随机变化时，入侵由随机矩阵乘积的顶部Lyapunov指数决定。我们展示仅在重组率随时间变化而没有波动生存选择的情况下，可以反转确定性模型预测的修饰位点选择方向。平均重组率不足以决定M2的入侵；相反，结果取决于重组率的完整分布及其在世代间的有序累积。影响恒定传递下选择强度的参数，包括居民重组率、选择强度和背景连锁，可以在随机传递下改变其符号。这些结果表明，传递中的时间变异构成了重组率进化的独立且质上不同的力量。
英文摘要：
The Reduction Principle states that, near a stable equilibrium under fixed viability selection, a selectively neutral modifier allele that reduces recombination rate among selected loci is favored, whereas one that increases recombination rate is eliminated. This result assumes constant transmission parameters across generations, so that invasion is determined by the dominant eigenvalue of a single transmission-selection matrix. Here we analyze a minimal departure from this framework. In a diploid model, two loci experience symmetric multiplicative viability selection and a third, neutral locus modifies their recombination rate. All parameters are fixed except that recombination in modifier heterozygotes varies randomly across generations according to a stochastic process. When the recombination rate in modifier heterozygotes is constant, the Reduction Principle holds exactly: invasion occurs if the rare modifier allele reduces recombination relative to the resident rate. When recombination varies randomly across generations, invasion is governed by the top Lyapunov exponent of a product of random matrices. We show that temporal variation in recombination rate alone, in the absence of fluctuating viability selection, can reverse the direction of selection on the modifier locus predicted by the deterministic model. The mean recombination rate is insufficient to determine invasion of $M_2$; instead, outcomes depend on the full distribution of recombination rates and their ordered accumulation across generations. Parameters that affect only the magnitude of selection under constant transmission - including resident recombination, selection strength, and background linkage - can alter its sign under stochastic transmission. These results demonstrate that temporal variability in transmission constitutes an independent and qualitatively distinct force in the evolution of recombination rates.
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