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arXiv 2602.23904astro-ph.GA
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银河系核星团距人马座A*3 pc处的年龄和金属度研究

Age and metallicity of the Milky Way's nuclear star cluster studied at 3 pc from Sagittarius A*

Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC)(安达卢西亚天体物理研究所);University of Virginia(弗吉尼亚大学);Fraunhofer IOSB(弗劳恩霍夫应用光学和精密工程研究所);University of California, Los Angeles(加州大学洛杉矶分校);Universidade de Lisboa(里斯本大学);University of Vienna(维也纳大学)

E. Gallego-Cano, R. Schödel, T. K. Fritz, M. W. Hosek, K. Muzic, A. Feldmeier-Krause, Á. Martínez-Arranz, F. Nogueras-Lara

AI总结:

研究银河系核星团距人马座A*3 pc处的恒星形成历史和金属度分布,揭示其主要由老且金属丰富的恒星组成,伴有中间年龄和年轻成分。

摘要:

银河系核星团(NSC)是研究围绕超大质量黑洞的密集恒星系统形成和演化的独特实验室。先前研究表明NSC中的大多数恒星年龄较大,但详细的年龄和金属度分布仍不确定。我们约束了位于距人马座A*约3 pc的 poorly explored 区域的恒星形成历史(SFH)和金属度。我们分析了VLT/NACO在2.24 μm中间带滤波器中的成像,补充了H波段数据。我们构建了校正了完备性的K波段光度函数(LFs),清晰地识别出红团和红巨星分支突起。通过拟合累积LFs,使用MIST、PARSEC和BaSTI模型,覆盖广泛的年龄和金属度范围,采用蒙特卡洛采样估计不确定性。金属度约束通过文献中的光谱测量进行细化。恒星群体主要由老且金属丰富的恒星组成:75.6±9.5%的恒星质量在≥10 Gyr前形成,中位数[M/H]≈+0.35。一个中间年龄成分在2-3 Gyr贡献20.8±8.7%,而次要群体在约400 Myr(0.9±0.8%)和20 Myr(3.6±1.4%),后者代表一个小但不可忽略的年轻群体。系统性误差来自恒星模型、分箱、光度范围、未分辨的双星和滤波器选择都被评估。这些结果表明早期主导形成,一个显著的2-3 Gyr时期,以及次要的近期活动,与光谱测量和内NSC和核恒星盘的性质一致。

英文摘要:

The Milky Way's nuclear star cluster (NSC) is a unique laboratory to study the formation and evolution of dense stellar systems around a supermassive black hole. Previous work suggests that most stars in the NSC are old; however, the detailed age and metallicity distributions remain uncertain. We constrain the star formation history (SFH) and metallicity of a poorly explored region located $\sim$3 pc from SagittariusA*. We analyse VLT/NACO imaging in an intermediate-band filter centred at 2.24 $μ$m, complemented by $H$-band data. We construct completeness-corrected $K$-band luminosity functions (LFs), clearly identifying the Red Clump and Red Giant Branch Bumps. The SFH is derived by fitting cumulative LFs with MIST, PARSEC, and BaSTI models spanning a wide range of ages and metallicities, using Monte Carlo sampling to estimate uncertainties. Metallicity constraints are refined using spectroscopic measurements from the literature. The stellar population is predominantly old and metal-rich: $75.6 \pm 9.5$% of the stellar mass formed $\gtrsim 10$ Gyr ago, with median [M/H] $\sim +0.35$. An intermediate-age component at 2-3 Gyr contributes $20.8 \pm 8.7$%, while minor populations are present at $\sim$400 Myr ($0.9 \pm 0.8$%) and 20 Myr ($3.6 \pm 1.4$%), the latter representing a small but non-negligible young population. Systematic uncertainties from stellar models, binning, photometric range, unresolved binaries, and filter choice are assessed. These results indicate early dominant formation, a significant 2-3 Gyr episode, and minor recent activity, consistent with spectroscopic measurements and with properties of the inner NSC and nuclear stellar disc.

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