Force/torque feedback can substantially improve Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models on contact-rich manipulation, but most existing approaches fuse all modalities at a single operating frequency. This design ignores the mismatched sampling rates of real robot sensors, forcing downsampling of the high-frequency contact cues needed for reactive correction. Combined with common VLM-action-expert (AE) pipelines that execute action chunks largely open loop between expensive VLM updates, unified-frequency fusion often yields delayed responses to impacts, stick-slip, and force spikes. We propose FAVLA, a force-adaptive fast-slow VLA that decouples slow perception planning from fast contact-aware control. FAVLA runs a slow VLM at a fixed low frequency to encode modalities to produce latent representations and to predict near-future force variation. A fast AE then executes at a variable high frequency, conditioning on the latest force sequence data to generate reactive actions. We further introduce a force adapter that injects high-frequency force features into multiple AE layers, and adaptively schedules the AE's execution frequency based on the VLM's predicted force variation. Extensive experiments on contact-rich tasks demonstrate that FAVLA significantly outperforms baselines, achieving superior reactivity and success rates, especially with a smaller contact force during manipulation.
Towards Human-Like Manipulation through RL-Augmented Teleoperation and Mixture-of-Dexterous-Experts VLA
Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学）；Sharpa；Shanghai AI Lab（上海人工智能实验室）；Zhongguancun Academy（中关村学院）；National University of Singapore（新加坡国立大学）；Shanghai Innovation Institute（上海创新研究院）
ManualVLA: A Unified VLA Model for Chain-of-Thought Manual Generation and Robotic Manipulation
State Key Laboratory of Multimedia Information Processing, School of Computer Science, Peking University（多媒体信息处理国家重点实验室，计算机学院，北京大学）；The Chinese University of Hong Kong（香港中文大学）；Simplexity Robotics Project（Simplexity机器人项目）
Goal-VLA: Image-Generative VLMs as Object-Centric World Models Empowering Zero-shot Robot Manipulation
School of Computing, National University of Singapore（新加坡国立大学计算机学院）；The HKU Musketeers Foundation Institute of Data Science, The University of Hong Kong（香港大学数据科学研究院）；Yuanpei College, Peking University（北京大学元培学院）；Department of Automation, Tsinghua University（清华大学自动化系）
DEFT-VLA: Stage-Localized Force Specialization for Contact-Rich Robotic Manipulation
Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学苏州高等研究院）；School of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学生命科学与医学部生物医学工程学院）；School of Robotics, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University（西交利物浦大学机器人学院）
TemporalFlow-VLA: Learning Physically Grounded Execution History for Long-Horizon Robot Manipulation
The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou)（香港科技大学（广州））；Zhejiang University（浙江大学）；Simon Fraser University（西蒙菲莎大学）；AgiBot（云圣智能科技（上海）有限公司）
KEMO: Event-Driven Keyframe Memory for Long-Horizon Robot Manipulation with VLA Policies
Hong Kong Embodied AI Lab（香港具身智能实验室）；The Chinese University of Hong Kong（香港中文大学）；University of Electronic Science and Technology of China（电子科技大学）；Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学）
DFM-VLA: Iterative Action Refinement for Robot Manipulation via Discrete Flow Matching
The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou)（香港科技大学（广州））；Harbin Institute of Technology（哈尔滨工业大学）；ShanghaiTech University（上海科技大学）；Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, CAS（中国科学院上海技术物理研究所）
VLA-RL: Towards Masterful and General Robotic Manipulation with Scalable Reinforcement Learning
Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University（清华大学深圳国际研究生院，清华大学）；School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University（南洋理工大学电子与电气工程学院）
ReactVLA: Fast and Lightweight Reactive Robot Manipulation via Improved Mean Flow Action Generation
Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学）；Technical Aspects of Multimodal Systems (TAMS), Department of Informatics, Universität Hamburg（汉堡大学信息学系多模态系统技术方面（TAMS））
VILAS: A VLA-Integrated Low-cost Architecture with Soft Grasping for Robotic Manipulation
Drexel University（德雷塞尔大学）；Virginia Seafood Agricultural Research and Extension Center（弗吉尼亚海鲜农业研究与推广中心）；Amazon Store Foundation AI (SFAI)（亚马逊商店基金会人工智能（SFAI））
NativeMEM: Native Memory Compression for Long-Horizon Robotic Manipulation
The University of Hong Kong（香港大学）；Beihang University（北京航空航天大学）；Peking University（北京大学）；The Chinese University of Hong Kong（香港中文大学）；Horizon Robotics（地平线机器人）
VacuumVLA: Boosting VLA Capabilities via a Unified Suction and Gripping Tool for Complex Robotic Manipulation
The Chinese University of Hong Kong（香港中文大学）；Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学）；Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院自动化研究所）；DiDi Global（滴滴出行）
RoboInter: A Holistic Intermediate Representation Suite Towards Robotic Manipulation
University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学）；Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory（上海人工智能实验室）；Beihang University（北航）；Nanyang Technological University（南洋理工大学）；Zhejiang University（浙江大学）；Tsinghua University（清华大学）；The Chinese University of Hong Kong（香港中文大学）
TGM-VLA: Task-Guided Mixup for Sampling-Efficient and Robust Robotic Manipulation
Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China（清华大学深圳国际研究生院）；The National and Local Co-Build Humanoid Robotics Innovation Center（国家级与地方共建人形机器人创新中心）
Affordance Field Intervention: Enabling VLAs to Escape Memory Traps in Robotic Manipulation
School of Computer Science, The University of Sydney（悉尼大学计算机科学学院）；John Hopcropt Center for Computer Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学计算机科学中心）
Cracking Mobile Manipulation: From Failure Diagnosis to Agentic Robot System
School of Intelligence Science and Technology, Peking University（北京大学智能科学与技术学院）；State Key Laboratory of General Artificial Intelligence, Peking University（北京大学通用人工智能国家重点实验室）；Alibaba DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group（阿里巴巴集团达摩院）；Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院自动化研究所）；Tsinghua University（清华大学）；University of Technology Sydney（悉尼科技大学）；University of Liverpool（利物浦大学）
GRAFT: Grounded and Efficient Online Reinforcement Adaptation for Fine-Grained Robot Manipulation
Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学苏州高等研究院）；School of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学生命科学与医学部生物医学工程学院）
World-to-Wrist: Task-Conditioned Future Wrist Modeling for Fine-Grained Robot Manipulation
The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology（香港科技大学）；National University of Singapore（新加坡国立大学）；Nanyang Technological University（南洋理工大学）；Wuhan University（武汉大学）；Sun Yat-sen University（中山大学）；Xidian University（西安电子科技大学）；Southeast University（东南大学）
Hand-in-the-Loop: Improving VLA Policies for Dexterous Manipulation via Seamless Hand-Arm Intervention
State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University（机械系统与振动国家重点实验室，机械工程学院，上海交通大学）；Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics, Meta Robotics Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China（智能机器人上海市重点实验室，元机器人研究院，上海交通大学，上海200240，中国）；The University of Tokyo（东京大学）
ST-$π$: Structured SpatioTemporal VLA for Robotic Manipulation
School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology（华中科技大学人工智能与自动化学院）；School of Computing, National University of Singapore（新加坡国立大学计算机学院）；School of Computing, Macquarie University（麦考瑞大学计算机学院）
EvoMem-VLA: State-Evolution Memory for Long-Horizon Robot Manipulation
Xi’an Jiaotong University（西安交通大学）；The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou)（香港科技大学（广州））；The Chinese University of Hong Kong（香港中文大学）；Xbotics Embodied AI Community（Xbotics具身智能社区）
Non-Markovian Long-Horizon Robot Manipulation via Keyframe Chaining
Tongji University（同济大学）；University of Technology Sydney（技术悉尼大学）；University of Electronic Science and Technology of China（电子科学与技术大学）；Advanced Institute of Big Data（大数据先进研究院）
REALM: A Real-to-Sim Validated Benchmark for Generalization in Robotic Manipulation
Czech Institute of Informatics, Robotics and Cybernetics（捷克信息学、机器人学与自动化研究所）；Czech Technical University in Prague（布拉格捷克技术大学）；Faculty of Electrical Engineering（电气工程学院）；University of Amsterdam（阿姆斯特丹大学）
VLA Model-Expert Collaboration for Bi-directional Manipulation Learning
Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院自动化研究所）；School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学人工智能学院）
DAM-VLA: A Dynamic Action Model-Based Vision-Language-Action Framework for Robot Manipulation
Advanced Research Lab, Samsung R&D Institute China-Beijing (SRCB)（三星研发中心中国北京先进研究实验室）；Samsung AI Center, DS Division（三星人工智能中心，DS部门）；Hanyang University ERICA（翰洋大学ERICA）
AIR-VLA: Vision-Language-Action Systems for Aerial Manipulation
The Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院自动化研究所）；School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology（北京理工大学自动化学院）；School of Information and Intelligent Engineering, University of Sanya（三亚大学信息与智能工程学院）；School of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University（湖南大学机械与车辆工程学院）；State Key Lab of Intelligent Transportation Systems, School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Beihang University（北京航空航天大学交通科学与工程学院）
The Price Is Not Right: Neuro-Symbolic Methods Outperform VLAs on Structured Long-Horizon Manipulation Tasks with Significantly Lower Energy Consumption
Human-Robot Interaction Lab, Tufts University（Tufts大学人机交互实验室）；AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH（奥地利技术研究所）
Long-VLA: Unleashing Long-Horizon Capability of Vision Language Action Model for Robot Manipulation
Westlake University（西湖大学）；Zhejiang University（浙江大学）；Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Blockchain and Privacy Computing（北京未来区块链与隐私计算高精尖创新中心）；University of Electronic Science and Technology of China（电子科技大学）
Harness VLA: Steering Frozen VLAs into Reliable Manipulation Primitives via Memory-Guided Agents
Tsinghua University（清华大学）；Striding AI（驰行人工智能公司）；Purdue University（普渡大学）；Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院自动化研究所）；Infinigence AI（英飞智研人工智能公司）；Zhongguancun Academy（中关村学院）；Hong Kong University of Science and Technology（香港科技大学）
