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arXiv 2602.23364astro-ph.EP
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TESS行星发生率揭示了中晚期M矮星周围半径谷的消失

TESS Planet Occurrence Rates Reveal the Disappearance of the Radius Valley Around Mid-to-Late M Dwarfs

McMaster University(麦克马斯特大学);Massachusetts Institute of Technology(麻省理工学院)

Erik Gillis, Ryan Cloutier, Emily Pass

AI总结:

本文通过TESS对中晚期M矮星的深入系统搜索,发现行星发生率与轨道周期、入射辐射和行星半径相关,揭示了半径谷在低质量恒星周围消失的现象。

摘要:

我们目前呈现了迄今为止对中晚期M矮星最深入的行星搜索。我们利用定制的管道对8134颗由TESS观测的中晚期M矮星进行了调查,发现了77个经过验证的凌星行星候选者。我们通过注入-恢复方法表征了调查的灵敏度,并测量了行星发生率作为轨道周期、入射辐射和行星半径的函数。我们测量到半径大于1 R_⊕的行星累积发生率为1.10±0.16 per star,轨道在30天内。这个值与早期M矮星周围累积发生率一致,表明M矮星是小近星系的最活跃宿主。与FGK和早期M矮星周围表现出的双峰半径谷不同,我们恢复了一个单峰行星半径分布,峰值在1.25±0.05 R_⊕。我们还发现每颗恒星有0.954±0.147个超地球和0.148±0.045个亚海王星,超地球数量是亚海王星的5.5:1,明确表明半径谷在低质量恒星周围消失。中晚期M矮星周围亚海王星的缺乏与预测的富含水的砾石吸积模型一致,该模型预测随着恒星质量的降低,半径谷会减弱。我们的结果支持了M矮星周围亚海王星人口由富含水的世界组成的新观念。我们在调查中没有发现热木星,并设定了一个上限,即在10天内每颗中晚期M矮星最多有0.012个热木星。

英文摘要:

We present the deepest systematic search for planets around mid-to-late M dwarfs to date. We have surveyed 8134 mid-to-late M dwarfs observed by TESS with a custom built pipeline and recover 77 vetted transiting planet candidates. We characterize the sensitivity of our survey via injection-recovery and measure the occurrence rate of planets as a function of orbital period, instellation, and planet radius. We measure a cumulative occurrence rate of $1.10\pm0.16$ planets per star with radii $>1\, R_\oplus$ orbiting within 30 days. This value is consistent with the cumulative occurrence rate around early M dwarfs, making M dwarfs collectively the most prolific hosts of small close-in planets. Unlike the bimodal Radius Valley exhibited by close-in planet population around FGK and early M dwarfs, we recover a unimodal planet radius distribution peaking at $1.25\pm0.05 \, R_\oplus$. We additionally find $0.954\pm0.147$ super-Earths and $0.148\pm0.045$ sub-Neptunes per star, with super-Earths outnumbering sub-Neptunes 5.5:1, firmly demonstrating that the Radius Valley disappears around the lowest mass stars. The dearth of sub-Neptunes around mid-to-late M dwarfs is consistent with predictions from water-rich pebble accretion models that predict a fading Radius Valley with decreasing stellar mass. Our results support the emerging idea that the sub-Neptune population around M dwarfs is composed of water-rich worlds. We find no hot Jupiters in our survey and set an upper limit of 0.012 hot Jupiters per mid-to-late M dwarf within 10 days.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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