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arXiv 2602.15263cs.CRcs.NI
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基于扫描的互联网暴露物联网设备分析使用Shodan数据

A Scan-Based Analysis of Internet-Exposed IoT Devices Using Shodan Data

Florida Atlantic University(佛罗里达大西洋大学)

Richelle Williams, Fernando Koch

AI总结:

研究通过分析Shodan数据,揭示互联网暴露物联网设备的群体风险差异,利用扫描元数据和特征评估方法,识别高风险暴露配置并评估其准确率。

摘要:

物联网安全领域的一个开放性测量问题在于,可扫描的网络配置是否编码了超过单个设备的群体暴露风险。通过Shodan搜索和Shodan InternetDB的受控多国样本分析互联网暴露的物联网端点,选择通过TCP端口7547(TR-069/CWMP)识别的100个主机,并均匀分布于十个最代表性的国家中。主机通过扫描衍生的元数据进行丰富,并使用特征相关性评估、国家间开放和高风险端口暴露的比较,以及高风险暴露配置的监督分类进行分析。分析揭示了国家间暴露结构的一致差异,平均高风险端口数量从每个主机0.4到1.0不等,并在分类高风险暴露配置时实现了约0.61的平衡准确率。

英文摘要:

An open measurement problem in IoT security is whether scan-observable network configurations encode population-level exposure risk beyond individual devices. An analysis of internet-exposed IoT endpoints using a controlled multi-country sample from Shodan Search and Shodan InternetDB, selecting 100 hosts identified via TCP port 7547 (TR-069/CWMP) and evenly distributed across the ten most represented countries. Hosts are enriched with scan-derived metadata and analyzed using feature-relevance assessment, cross-country comparisons of open and risky port exposure, and supervised classification of higher-risk exposure profiles. The analysis reveals consistent cross-country differences in exposure structure, with mean risky-port counts ranging from 0.4 to 1.0 per host, and achieves balanced accuracy of approximately 0.61 when classifying higher-risk exposure profiles.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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