亚埃分辨率成像揭示了由基底堆垛缺陷引起的冰Ih相衬转变
Sub-1-Angstrom-Resolution Imaging Reveals Phase Contrast Transition in Ice Ih Caused by Basal Stacking Faults
AI总结：
亚埃分辨率成像揭示基底堆垛缺陷导致冰Ih相衬转变，展现冰相结构关系及分子排列缺陷容忍度。
摘要：
六方冰（Ih）沿[0001]方向的相衬透射电子显微镜（TEM）有时会显示蜂窝状图案，通常被解释为单晶体中的单个氧柱。在这里，我们表明这种图案通常源于内在的基底堆垛缺陷。一个将厚度相近的域分开的翻译边界，具有平面内偏移量（(2/3 a₁ + 1/3 a₂）），产生这种蜂窝状对比。在非等价方向上翻译的堆垛域会产生沿[111]方向类似于立方冰（Ic）但具有三重对称性的图案。我们以创纪录的线分辨率89皮米对这种结构进行了成像，比O-H共价键长更精细。这些发现突显了冰分子排列的缺陷容忍度，并澄清了六方、堆垛无序和立方冰相之间的结构关系。这一分辨率里程碑为表征固态水的细微结构扰动开辟了新途径。
英文摘要：
Phase-contrast transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of hexagonal ice (Ih) along [0001] sometimes shows a honeycomb-like pattern, often interpreted as individual oxygen columns in single crystals. Here, we show that this pattern commonly arises from intrinsic basal stacking faults instead. A translational boundary separating domains of comparable thickness, with an in-plane offset of $(\frac{2}{3} a_{1} + \frac{1}{3} a_{2})$, produces this honeycomb-like contrast. Stacking domains translated in nonequivalent directions yields patterns resembling cubic ice (Ic) along [111] but with a 3-fold symmetry. We imaged this structure at a record-breaking line resolution of 89 picometers, finer than the O-H covalent bond length. These findings highlight the defect tolerance of ice's molecular packing and clarify the structural relationships among hexagonal, stacking-disordered, and cubic ice phases. This resolution milestone opens new avenues for characterizing subtle structural perturbations of water in the solid state.
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