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arXiv 2602.14520stat.MLastro-ph.HE
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通过学习的潜在表示和局部模拟器引导优化加速脉冲星光变曲线的后验推断

Accelerating Posterior Inference from Pulsar Light Curves via Learned Latent Representations and Local Simulator-Guided Optimization

Los Alamos National Laboratory(洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室);Florida State University(佛罗里达州立大学);New Mexico State University(新墨西哥州立大学);NASA Goddard Space Flight Center(美国宇航局戈达德太空飞行中心)

Farhana Taiyebah, Abu Bucker Siddik, Indronil Bhattacharjee, Diane Oyen, Soumi De, Greg Olmschenk, Constantinos Kalapotharakos

AI总结:

本研究通过学习的潜在表示和局部模拟器引导优化,显著提升了脉冲星光变曲线后验推断的效率,将推断时间缩短至传统方法的1/20。

摘要:

从脉冲星观测形式为光变曲线的后验推断通常使用马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗方法,这些方法准确但计算成本高。我们介绍了一种框架,通过结合学习的潜在表示与局部模拟器引导优化来加速后验推断并保持准确性。首先用掩码U-Net预训练以从部分观测中重建完整的光变曲线并生成有信息的潜在嵌入。给定一个查询光变曲线,通过测量在预训练U-Net编码器产生的学习嵌入空间中的相似性,从模拟库中识别相似的模拟光变曲线,从而得到参数的初始经验近似后验。此初始化随后通过使用基于爬山更新的局部优化程序进行细化,由正向模拟器引导,逐步将经验后验推向高似然参数区域。在NASA的中子星内部组成探测器(NICER)捕获的PSR J0030+0451观测光变曲线上的实验表明,我们的方法在传统MCMC方法获得的后验估计上非常接近,同时在推断时间上实现了120倍的减少(从24小时到12分钟),证明了学习表示和模拟器引导优化在加速后验推断中的有效性。

英文摘要:

Posterior inference from pulsar observations in the form of light curves is commonly performed using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods, which are accurate but computationally expensive. We introduce a framework that accelerates posterior inference while maintaining accuracy by combining learned latent representations with local simulator-guided optimization. A masked U-Net is first pretrained to reconstruct complete light curves from partial observations and to produce informative latent embeddings. Given a query light curve, we identify similar simulated light curves from the simulation bank by measuring similarity in the learned embedding space produced by pretrained U-Net encoder, yielding an initial empirical approximation to the posterior over parameters. This initialization is then refined using a local optimization procedure using hill-climbing updates, guided by a forward simulator, progressively shifting the empirical posterior toward higher-likelihood parameter regions. Experiments on the observed light curve of PSR J0030+0451, captured by NASA's Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER), show that our method closely matches posterior estimates obtained using traditional MCMC methods while achieving 120 times reduction in inference time (from 24 hours to 12 minutes), demonstrating the effectiveness of learned representations and simulator-guided optimization for accelerated posterior inference.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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