Design and simulation of the High-Energy Proton Beam Telescope
Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院高能物理研究所）；Spallation Neutron Source Science Center（散裂中子源科学中心）；Zhengzhou Railway Vocational and Technical College（郑州铁路职业技术学院）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）
A high-resolution beam telescope is essential for the precise characterization of silicon pixel sensors. As part of the CSNS-II upgrade project, a High-Energy Proton Beam Telescope (HEPTel) based on monolithic active pixel sensors (MAPS) has been designed for the forthcoming High-Energy Proton Experimental Station (HPES), which will provide 0.8 to 1.6 GeV single-particle proton beams. HEPTel consists of six ultra-thin telescope modules, with a material budget per module of about 0.061% X0. Simulated with a 1.6 GeV proton beam, the telescope is expected to achieve a resolution of about 1.83 micrometers. Additionally, a dedicated readout electronics system and a Data Acquisition (DAQ) system have been designed for HEPTel, based on which a preliminary test system was established for beam tests. The beam test results with 1.3 GeV electrons demonstrated a single-module resolution of about 5.77 micrometers, an overall telescope resolution of about 2.70 micrometers, and a detection efficiency above 99.5%. These results validate the HEPTel design and confirm its capability for forthcoming proton-beam experiments at HPES.
Nuclotron internal target polarimeter for the measurements of the deuteron and proton beam polarization
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research（俄罗斯联合核研究所）；National Institute for R&D in Electrical Engineering ICPE-CA（罗马尼亚电气工程研发国家研究所ICPE-CA）；University of Žilina（日利纳大学）
Characteristics of neutrons and proton beams arising from two different Beam Nozzles
具有3-MeV能量的串联或Van de Graaff加速器通常用于PIXE分析。在这项研究中，PIXE分析中使用的束线设计用于增加同位素的生产，而不是典型的低能加速器从13 MeV回旋加速器。对于PIXE分析，在使用能量降能器将质子束能量从13-MeV降能到3-MeV之后，应通过使用喷嘴将质子束聚焦在靶处。以前的研究已经进行，以确定最合适的材料和厚度的能量降能器。根据退化质子束流的能量分布和中子在退化器中的发生率，确定X厚度的铝喷嘴是最合适的喷嘴结构。中子是由3兆电子伏的质子在通过降能器后碰撞到喷嘴中产生的。此外，PIXE无损分析还需要足够的质子束强度。因此，为了优化喷嘴设计，有必要考虑喷嘴内质子碰撞产生的中子数量，以及产生的次级中子的轨道方向，主要目的是确保足够数量的质子作为直接束通过喷嘴。许多实验室目前正在进行与加速器领域中使用的喷嘴设计相关的研究，主要涉及医疗领域。本文对两种典型的喷管形状进行了对比分析，以减少质子损失和次级中子的产生。使用粒子和重离子传输代码系统（PHITS）程序分析了通过喷嘴后的中子发生率和质子数，以确定产生最强质子束的喷嘴。
