通过全局涡度探测夸克胶子等离子体的旋转动力学
Probing Rotational Dynamics of Quark Gluon Plasma via Global Vorticity
AI总结：
该研究通过从强子横向动量谱提取量化全局涡度场，利用Au+Au和Pb+Pb碰撞多能量及中心度数据，研究自旋 - 涡度耦合，发现涡度大小与理论相符，且对粒子种类、碰撞中心度和束流能量有依赖性，为QCD物质旋转性质提供新约束。
摘要：
在相对论重离子碰撞实验中，对Λ、Ξ和Ω超子的自旋极化以及K*0、ϕ和D*+介子的自旋排列的研究表明，这些碰撞中产生了强涡度场。考虑到涡度对解禁闭QCD物质时空演化及其冻出性质的潜在影响，我们旨在研究其在介质中的特征。我们引入一种互补的数据驱动方法，通过直接从产生的强子的横向动量谱中提取来量化全局涡度场。利用Au+Au和Pb+Pb碰撞中，在很宽的束流能量范围（\(\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=7.7\) GeV - 5.02 TeV）和中心度类别下，对Λ、Ξ、Ω、K*0、K*±、ϕ、ρ和D*+的实验数据，我们系统地研究了介质中的自旋 - 涡度耦合。我们提取的涡度大小与在非相对论极限下使用统计热模型从Λ和\(\bar{\Lambda}\)极化测量中推导的值一致。值得注意的是，我们观察到涡度对粒子种类有显著依赖性，并且随碰撞中心度和束流能量有非平凡变化。这些结果表明，涡度驱动的自旋现象对强子结构和冻出动力学敏感，为QCD物质的旋转性质提供了新的约束。
英文摘要：
The findings on the spin polarization of $Λ$, $Ξ$, and $Ω$ hyperons and spin alignment of $K^{*0}$, $ϕ$, and $D^{*+}$ mesons in relativistic heavy-ion collision experiments at the RHIC and LHC facilities propose the emergence of a strong vorticity field produced in these collisions. Contemplating the potential impact of vorticity on the space-time evolution of deconfined QCD matter and its freeze-out properties, we aim to investigate its characteristics within the medium. We introduce a complementary and data-driven approach to quantify the global vorticity field by extracting it directly from the transverse momentum spectra of produced hadrons. Employing the experimental data for $Λ$, $Ξ$, $Ω$, $K^{*0}$, $K^{*\pm}$, $ϕ$, $ρ$, and $D^{*+}$ at mid-rapidity in Au+Au and Pb+Pb collisions over a wide range of beam energies, $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=7.7$ GeV-5.02 TeV, and centrality classes, we systematically examine spin-vorticity coupling in the medium. Our finding on the magnitude of the extracted vorticity is consistent with values deduced from $Λ$ and $\barΛ$ polarization measurements using statistical thermal models under the non-relativistic limit. Notably, we observe a prominent particle-species dependence of the vorticity, as well as a non-trivial variation with collision centrality and beam energy. These results indicate that vorticity-driven spin phenomena are sensitive to hadron structure and freeze-out dynamics, providing new constraints on the rotational properties of the QCD matter.
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