Ultramassive Black Holes and the Three $M$-$σ$ Relations
School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Leicester（莱斯特大学物理与天文学院）；Astronomical Institute Anton Pannekoek, University of Amsterdam（阿姆斯特丹大学安东·潘内克天文研究所）；Leiden Observatory, Leiden University（莱顿大学莱登天文台）
I consider recent observations of ultramassive black holes. These appear to confirm theoretical predictions that the relation between central black hole mass $M$ and spheroid velocity dispersion $σ$ has the same form $M \propto σ^4$ in spiral galaxies, elliptical galaxies, and cluster ellipticals, but has differing normalizations. These arise from the need for longer black hole accretion episodes to expel the gas otherwise potentially able to feed the holes in the latter two types of host. In a sample drawn from a mixture of galaxy host types the fitted power of $σ$ will slightly exceed the theoretically-derived value of 4 because of the differing normalizations. The observed hole masses do not currently reach the theoretical maximum values possible for disc accretion, set by the equality of the ISCO and self-gravity radii, probably because the host galaxies have insufficient gas.
The JWST Ultramassive Galaxy Sample -- II. Supermassive Black Hole Masses for 8 Extreme Early-Type Galaxies via Jeans Anisotropic Modelling of High-Resolution Integral-Field NIRSpec Stellar Kinematics
University of Oxford（牛津大学）；University of Michigan（密歇根大学）；Space Telescope Science Institute（太空望远镜科学研究所）
本研究利用 JAM 建模 JWST 高分辨率 NIRSpec 恒星运动学，测量 8 个超大质量星系的中心黑洞质量，发现其增长具有高度随机性，并填补了极端质量标度关系的空白。
A Kiloparsec-Scale Stellar Cavity in the Center of Abell402-BCG May be Caused by Dynamic Interactions with an Ultramassive Black Hole
Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院）；MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research（麻省理工学院卡弗里天体物理与空间研究所）；University of Washington（华盛顿大学）；University of Pittsburgh（匹兹堡大学）；Durham University（杜伦大学）；Institute for Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, Durham University（杜伦大学物理系计算宇宙学研究所）；STAR Institute（STAR研究所）；Yale University（耶鲁大学）；Instituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-UC)（坎塔布里亚物理研究所）
MAGAZ3NE: Dust Deficiency in Ultramassive Quiescent Galaxies at $3<z<4$ with ALMA Observations
University of California, Riverside（加州大学河滨分校）；University of California, Merced（加州大学默塞德分校）；University of California, Davis（加州大学戴维斯分校）；University of Wisconsin-Madison（威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校）；Arizona State University（亚利桑那州立大学）；York University（约克大学）；Tufts University（塔夫茨大学）；University of California, Irvine（加州大学尔湾分校）；McGill University（麦吉尔大学）
