Parker Solar Probe observations of solar energetic particle (SEP) events with inverse velocity arrival (IVA) features
California Institute of Technology(加州理工学院);Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley(加州大学伯克利分校空间科学实验室);NASA Goddard Space Flight Center(美国宇航局戈达德太空飞行中心);Princeton University(普林斯顿大学)
Zigong Xu, C. M. S. Cohen, R. A. Leske, G. D. Muro, A. C. Cummings, O. M. Romeo, D. Lario, D. J. McComas, M. E. Cuesta, S. Pak, L. Y. Khoo, H. A. Farooki, M. M.… 展开作者
Zigong Xu, C. M. S. Cohen, R. A. Leske, G. D. Muro, A. C. Cummings, O. M. Romeo, D. Lario, D. J. McComas, M. E. Cuesta, S. Pak, L. Y. Khoo, H. A. Farooki, M. M. Shen, S. Kasapis, E. R. Christian, D. G. Mitchell, R. L. McNutt, A. Kouloumvakos, J. Grant Mitchell, G. D. Berland, N. A. Schwadron, M. E. Wiedenbeck, M. L. Stevens, R. C. Allen
In SEP events, velocity dispersion (VD) is characterized by the earlier arrival of faster, higher-energy particles relative to slower ones, assuming negligible acceleration time and transport effects. The "Labor Day event" at Parker Solar Probe (PSP) on 2022 September 5 provided a unique arrival profile, in which the medium energy (~ few MeV) particles arrive earlier than both lower and higher energy particles. This created a so-called "nose" structure in the intensity spectrogram formed by measurements from the two energetic particle instruments, EPI-Lo and EPI-Hi, of the Integrated Science Investigation of the Sun (ISOIS) suite. Unlike typical VD, the delayed arrival of higher energy particles compared to medium energy particles, i.e., the "inverse velocity arrival" (IVA), could be caused by various acceleration, transport, and instrumental effects, including shock acceleration. By applying a new method based on the contour-line of the intensity, we found 14 IVA events in the ISOIS observations up to the end of 2024. Several parameters that may modify velocity dispersion characteristics are further explored including the spacecraft radial distance, the speed of corresponding CMEs and shocks, the angle between the shock normal and the upstream magnetic field, and the spacecraft magnetic footpoint longitudinal separation from the flare location. The energy of the early arriving particles, i.e., the nose energy, can be grouped into low (L, <0.5 MeV), medium(M, 0.5 - 5 MeV), and high(H, >5 MeV) categories. Most (11/14) of the IVA events have medium nose energies. This SEP list provides ingredients for examination of shock acceleration in the inner heliosphere, and the existence of IVA events sheds new light on the acceleration and propagation of SEPs.
Sunward Streaming 3He-rich SEP Events Observed by Solar Orbiter and Parker Solar Probe during Perihelion Passage
Southwest Research Institute(西南研究所);Center for Astrophysics—Harvard & Smithsonian(天体物理学中心——哈佛与史密森尼学会);Space Radiation Laboratory, California Institute of Technology(加州理工学院空间辐射实验室);Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University(约翰斯·霍普金斯大学应用物理实验室);The University of Texas at San Antonio(得克萨斯大学圣安东尼奥分校)
Shock properties for solar energetic particle events with signatures of inverse velocity arrival
The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory(约翰斯·霍普金斯大学应用物理实验室);NASA Goddard Space Flight Center(美国国家航空航天局戈达德太空飞行中心);Southwest Research Institute(西南研究所);KU Leuven Campus Kulak(荷语鲁汶大学库拉克校区);University of Michigan(密歇根大学);Christian-ALbrechts-University Kiel(基尔大学);University of Turku(图尔库大学);Predictive Science Inc. (PSI)(预测科学公司);Princeton University(普林斯顿大学)
研究太阳高能粒子事件中冲击波特性及逆速度到达特征,通过分析Solar Orbiter和Parker Solar Probe的数据,揭示冲击波属性和磁场连接对高能粒子延迟到达和谱变硬的影响。
Clustering of Intermittent Magnetic and Flow Structures near Parker Solar Probe's First Perihelion -- A Partial-Variance-of-Increments Analysis
在帕克太阳探测器(PSP)的第一次近日点通过期间,航天器到达了\(\sim 37~R_\odot\)的日心距离内,并观察到许多以急剧梯度为特征的磁场和流动结构。为了更好地理解年轻太阳风中的这些间歇性结构,需要检查的一个重要属性是它们在时间和空间上的相关程度。为此,我们使用久经考验的增量偏方差(PVI)技术,以确定间歇性事件的磁场和质子速度场(分别)在PSP的第一次遇到太阳时,航天器在0.25 AU从太阳的FIELDS和SWEAP观测。然后,我们研究不同的分离和PVI阈值的事件之间的等待时间的分布。我们发现幂律分布的等待时间短于一个特征规模可比的相关时间,这表明高度的相关性,可能起源于一个聚类过程。比这个特征时间长的等待时间更好地用指数来描述,这表明一个随机的无记忆泊松过程在起作用。这些发现与近地观测到的太阳风湍流一致。本研究补充了Dudok de Wit等人的研究(2020年,现卷),该研究侧重于在径向磁场中观察到的“之字形”之间的等待时间。
A wavelet-based model of magnetic turbulence over a Parker spiral field
Istituto per la Scienza e la Tecnologia dei Plasmi, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche(等离子体科学与技术研究所,意大利国家研究委员会);Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria(卡塔尼亚大学物理系);Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, sede di Cosenza(意大利国家天体物理学研究所,科森扎分部)
Turbulence characteristics of switchbacks and non-switchbacks intervals observed by \emph{Parker Solar Probe}
我们使用\emph{Parker Solar Probe}(\emph{PSP})的现场测量,以分析太阳风湍流的特征,在第一次太阳相遇期间覆盖径向距离之间的$35.7R_\odot$和$41.7R_\odot$。在我们的分析中,我们将所谓的之字形(SB)间隔(折叠磁场线)与非之字形(NSB)间隔(主要遵循帕克螺旋场)隔离开来。使用一种基于条件关联函数的技术,我们分别在SB和NSB间隔中估计了Elsasser、磁场和体速度场的功率谱。通过对两种间隔的湍流能谱的比较,我们发现了以下特点:1)后向传播Elsasser场$z^-$的去相关长度在NSB间隔中比在SB间隔中大;(2)SB层段的磁功率谱比NSB层段陡,谱指数接近-5/3,其具有接近-3/2的光谱指数; 3)SB和NSB湍流都是不平衡的,NSB具有最大的交叉螺旋度,4)SB间隔中的剩余能量大于NSB,以及5)所分析的波动由在\emph{sunward}中传播的Alfvénic波动主导(\emph{anti-sunward})方向,用于SB(NSB)湍流。这些观察到的特征提供了进一步的证据,证明\emph{PSP}观察到的之字形与折叠磁场线有关,从而深入了解其湍流性质。
Multipoint interplanetary coronal mass ejections observed with Solar Orbiter, BepiColombo, Parker Solar Probe, Wind and STEREO-A
我们报告了从2020年4月至2021年4月的第一个太阳轨道器(SolO)数据开始的行星际日冕物质抛射(ICME)多点原位和成像观测的第一次搜索结果。进行了数据探索分析,包括由SolO、BepiColombo、Parker太阳探测器、Wind和STEREO-A五个航天器结合STEREO-A/SECCHI和SOHO/LASCO的日冕和日光层成像观测进行的磁场和等离子体观测的可视化。我们确定的ICME事件,可以明确地遵循与STEREO-A日光层成像仪在其行星际传播的影响,在上述航天器,并寻找相同的ICME被广泛分离的航天器在原地看到的事件。我们强调两个事件:(1)2020年6月23日,PSP、BepiColombo和Wind在STEREO-A成像引导下,用三重阵容观测到一次小型流光爆发CME;(2)2020年11月29日,PSP和STEREO-A原位观测到第25太阳周的第一次快速CME($ \approx 1600$ km s $^{-1}$)。这些结果对于模拟ICME的磁结构、行星际演化和通量绳与激波的整体形状以及研究太阳高能粒子的传播都是有用的。来自这些飞行任务的综合数据已经成为空间天气研究的宝库,随着预计在太阳活动周期25的上升期和最高期期间ICME事件的数量不断增加,这些数据预计将变得更加宝贵。
Characteristics and evolution of sheath and leading edge structures of interplanetary coronal mass ejections in the inner heliosphere based on Helios and Parker Solar Probe observations
The Wave-Regulated Precursor of a Near-Parallel Interplanetary Shock Observed by Parker Solar Probe
University of Turku(图尔库大学);Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley(加州大学伯克利分校空间科学实验室);National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv(基辅塔拉斯舍甫琴科国立大学);Ben Gurion University of the Negev(内盖夫本古里安大学);University of California, San Diego(加州大学圣地亚哥分校);Eureka Scientific(尤里卡科学公司);The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory(约翰斯·霍普金斯大学应用物理实验室);Queen Mary University of London(伦敦大学玛丽女王学院);KU Leuven(荷语鲁汶大学)
Evidence of Time-Dependent Diffusive Shock Acceleration in the 2022 September 5 Solar Energetic Particle Event
University of Michigan(密歇根大学);Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona(亚利桑那大学月球与行星实验室);California Institute of Technology(加州理工学院);NASA Goddard Space Flight Center(美国国家航空航天局戈达德太空飞行中心);Los Alamos National Laboratory(洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室);Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University(约翰斯·霍普金斯大学应用物理实验室);Princeton University(普林斯顿大学);Southwest Research Institute(西南研究所)
Energy-dependent SEP Fe/O abundances during the May 2024 superstorm
California Institute of Technology(加州理工学院);University of California Berkeley(加州大学伯克利分校);Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory(约翰斯·霍普金斯大学应用物理实验室);NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center(美国宇航局戈达德太空飞行中心);Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University(普林斯顿大学天体物理学系);Southwest Research Institute(西南研究院);University of Texas, San Antonio(德克萨斯大学圣安东尼奥分校);Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian(哈佛-史密森尼天体物理中心);University of Arizona(亚利桑那大学);University of New Hampshire(新罕布什尔大学)