对称偏好，非对称结果：开放城市隔离模型中的临界转变动力学
Symmetric preferences, asymmetric outcomes: Tipping dynamics in an open-city segregation model
AI总结：
通过空间扩展化学反应网络建模，发现即使对称偏好下，系统在临界偏好水平发生非对称相变，一种类型主导，该相变与Ising普适类共享部分特征但临界指数不同。
摘要：
Schelling的隔离模型表明，即使没有社会或政府干预，具有轻微内群体偏好的个体也能自组织成高度隔离的社区。该著名模型的许多变体假设代理倾向于增加其满意度。与这种传统的基于效用的方法互补，我们使用与满意度无关的反应速率在空间扩展的化学反应网络中建模居住迁移。所得模型表现出一种涌现现象：尽管内群体偏好对称，系统在临界偏好水平经历一个临界转变，超过该水平一种代理类型占主导。我们使用平均场分析、数值模拟和有限尺寸标度方法详细刻画了这一非对称相变。我们发现，虽然该转变与Ising普适类共享关键特征，例如Z2对称性破缺和类似的指数比率，但完整的临界指数集与任何已知普适类都不匹配。
英文摘要：
Schelling's model of segregation demonstrates that even in the absence of social or governmental interventions, individuals with mild in-group preferences can self-organize into strongly segregated neighborhoods. Many variants of this celebrated model have been proposed by assuming agents tend to increase their satisfaction. Complementary to this traditional, utility-based approach, we model residential moves using satisfaction-independent reaction rates in a spatially extended chemical reaction network. The resulting model exhibits an emergent phenomenon: despite symmetric in-group preferences, the system undergoes a tipping transition at a critical preference level, beyond which one agent type dominates. We characterize this asymmetric phase transition in details using mean-field analysis, numerical simulations and finite size scaling methods. We find that while the transition shares key features with the Ising universality class, such as $\mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetry breaking and similar exponent ratios, the full set of critical exponents does not match any known universality class.
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