可调制的多体爆发在孤立量子系统中
Tunable many-body burst in isolated quantum systems
AI总结：
该研究通过构造低纠缠初始态，在量子系统中实现可调制的磁化爆发，并揭示了其与纠缠增长的关系。
摘要：
在孤立的量子多体系统中，热化过程可以是非单调的，其过程依赖于初始状态。我们提出了一种数值方法，用于构造一个低纠缠的初始状态，使其在指定时间产生一个“爆发”——可观测量从热平衡值的短暂偏离。我们将这种方法应用于证明，在量子退相干初期的时间尺度上，非积分混合磁场伊辛链可以实现磁化爆发。与该 regime 中信息的典型扩散不同，所产生的爆发伴随缓慢或甚至负的纠缠增长。分析上，我们展示了爆发在长时间后变得概率上稀有。我们的结果表明，对于适当选择的初始状态，非平衡态可以维持到退相干主导之前。这些预测可以通过可编程量子模拟器进行测试。
英文摘要：
Thermalization in isolated quantum many-body systems can be nonmonotonic, with its process dependent on an initial state. We propose a numerical method to construct a low-entangled initial state that creates a "burst" -- a transient deviation of an observable from its thermal equilibrium value -- at a designated time. We apply this method to demonstrate that a burst of magnetization can be realized for a nonintegrable mixed-field Ising chain on a timescale comparable to the onset of quantum scrambling. Contrary to the typical spreading of information in this regime, the created burst is accompanied by a slow or even negative entanglement growth. Analytically, we show that a burst becomes probabilistically rare after a long time. Our results suggest that a nonequilibrium state is maintained for an appropriately chosen initial state until scrambling becomes dominant. These predictions can be tested with programmable quantum simulators.
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