关于波函数物理现实性的历史争论
Historical Debates over the Physical Reality of the Wave Function
AI总结：
本文探讨了量子理论中波函数物理现实性的历史争论，指出德布罗意的引导波理论和玻姆的贡献对复兴波函数现实性起到了关键作用。
摘要：
本文提供了关于早期关于波函数现实主义的详细历史记录，即现代术语中认为量子理论的波函数是物理现实的观念。正如本文将要展示的，将粒子与物理波相关联的想法起源于爱因斯坦和德布罗意的工作，他们最初都将这些波视为在三维物理空间中传播。德布罗意迅速将这种波粒二象性转化为一种早期的引导波理论，其中粒子相关的相波引导或指导粒子沿其轨迹运动。薛定谔在德布罗意的相波假说基础上，为新兴的量子理论提供了全面的解释。然而，薛定谔的新波动力学以牺牲德布罗意在物理空间中传播的相波，转而用在系统抽象配置空间中传播的波函数为代价。本文将论证从三维物理空间到多维配置空间的转变是量子理论创始人一致放弃波函数物理现实性的重要原因。本文还将进一步阐明德布罗意引入了两种不同的引导波理论，并随后论证是玻姆在二十年后重新发现这两种引导波理论之一，并对波函数现实主义的强烈辩护，使这一想法得以复活。这一想法最终在埃弗里特发展多世界解释中发挥了核心作用。
英文摘要：
This paper provides a detailed and unified historical account of early debates over wave-function realism, the modern term for the view that the wave function of quantum theory is physically real. As this paper will show, the idea of physical waves associated with particles had its roots in work by Einstein and de Broglie, who both originally thought of these waves as propagating in three-dimensional physical space. De Broglie quickly turned this wave--particle duality into an early pilot-wave theory, on which a particle's associated ``phase wave'' piloted or guided the particle along its trajectory. Schrödinger built on de Broglie's phase-wave hypothesis to provide a comprehensive account of the nascent quantum theory. However, Schrödinger's new ``undulatory mechanics'' came at the cost of replacing de Broglie's phase waves propagating in physical space with a wave function propagating in a system's abstract configuration space. The present work will argue that this move from three-dimensional physical space to a many-dimensional configuration space was a decisive reason why the founders of quantum theory uniformly abandoned the physical reality of the wave function. This paper will further clarify that de Broglie introduced two distinct pilot-wave theories, and will then argue that it was Bohm's rediscovery of the second of these two pilot-wave theories over two decades later, as well as Bohm's vociferous defense of wave-function realism, that were responsible for resurrecting the idea of an ontological wave function. Finally, this paper will describe how the influence of Schrödinger and Bohmended up playing a central role in Everett's development of the ``many worlds'' interpretation.
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