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arXiv 2602.07762nlin.PS
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相控二维平坦顶孤子的弹性、非弹性及合并碰撞

Phase-controlled elastic, inelastic, and coalescent collisions of two-dimensional flat-top solitons

Kuwait University(科威特大学);The University of Jordan(约旦大学);Abu Dhabi University(阿布扎比大学);United Arab Emirates University(阿联酋大学)

M. O. D. Alotaibi, Y. O. A. Abughnheim, L. Al Sakkaf, U. Al Khawaja

AI总结:

研究二维平坦顶孤子碰撞中相位控制弹性、非弹性及合并行为,揭示相位差异影响碰撞特性及合并状态稳定性。

摘要:

我们研究了由三次-五次非线性薛定谔方程支持的二维平坦顶孤子之间的弹性、非弹性和合并碰撞。数值模拟揭示了从近似弹性散射到强烈非弹性相互作用导致长寿命合并状态的distinct碰撞区域。我们证明,这些区域之间的转变主要由碰撞点处孤子的相对相位控制,相位相反的碰撞抑制重叠,而相位相同的碰撞促进强相互作用。引入动能诊断来定量表征碰撞结果,并识别相位和分离依赖的弹性窗口。为了解释观测到的动力学,我们从碰撞轨迹中提取有效的相位依赖的相互作用势,为平坦顶孤子之间的吸引力和排斥力提供机械图景。合并状态的稳定性由其较低的能量成本解释,来源于界面能量学,其中内部压力与边缘张力之间的平衡起关键作用。基于直接能量最小化的变分分析支持这一图景,通过揭示与静止二维平坦顶孤子相关的稳健能量极小值来证实。

英文摘要:

We investigate elastic, inelastic, and coalescent collisions between two-dimensional flat-top solitons supported by the cubic-quintic nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Numerical simulations reveal distinct collision regimes ranging from nearly elastic scattering to strongly inelastic interactions leading to long-lived merged states. We demonstrate that the transition between these regimes is primarily controlled by the relative phase of the solitons at the collision point, with out-of-phase collisions suppressing overlap and in-phase collisions promoting strong interaction. Kinetic-energy diagnostics are introduced to quantitatively characterize collision outcomes and to identify phase- and separation-dependent windows of elasticity. To interpret the observed dynamics, we extract effective phase-dependent interaction potentials from collision trajectories, providing a mechanical picture of attraction and repulsion between flat-top solitons. The stability of merged states formed after strongly inelastic collisions is explained by their lower energetic cost, arising from interfacial energetics, where a balance between internal pressure and edge tension plays a central role. A variational analysis based on direct energy minimization supports this picture by revealing robust energetic minima associated with stationary two-dimensional flat-top solitons.

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