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arXiv 2602.05720hep-phastro-ph.CO
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早期宇宙对电子质量的约束

Early-universe constraints on the electron mass

University of Turin(都灵大学);Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)(意大利国家核物理研究所);Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular (IFIC), CSIC-UV(粒子物理联合研究所)

Michela Garramone, Stefano Gariazzo, Nicolao Fornengo

AI总结:

通过研究非标准电子质量对中微子退耦和太初核合成的影响,利用观测轻元素丰度和有效中微子代数约束,得到早期宇宙电子质量的1σ界限,支持其宇宙学时间尺度上的恒定性。

摘要:

我们研究了非标准电子质量 $m_e$ 对早期宇宙热历史的影响,重点关注中微子退耦和太初核合成(BBN)。在标准宇宙学中,中微子-电子相互作用使中微子与电磁等离子体保持热接触,直到 $e^\pm$ 湮灭前不久。改变 $m_e$ 会改变退耦时刻和 $e^\pm$ 湮灭的熵转移,从而修改中微子能量密度和推断的相对论性物种有效数 $N_{\mathrm{eff}}$。独立地,在BBN期间,带电电流弱过程的速率,以及中子-质子比,依赖于 $m_e$。通过将BBN对原始轻元素丰度的预测与观测结果进行比较,并施加对 $N_{\mathrm{eff}}$ 的宇宙学约束,我们得到早期宇宙中 $m_e$ 的以下 $1\sigma$ 界限:$m_e = 0.505^{+0.006}_{-0.007}$ MeV(使用NACRE II核反应网络)或 $m_e=0.509^{+0.005}_{-0.004}$ MeV(使用PRIMAT核反应网络)。这些界限是通过采用大型双筒望远镜对54个贫金属H\,\textsc{ii}区域的观测所确定的原始氦-4丰度而得到的。如果我们改用粒子数据手册的氦-4丰度,界限为:$m_e = 0.503^{+0.011}_{-0.015}$ MeV(NACRE II)或 $m_e=0.521^{+0.009}_{-0.007}$ MeV(PRIMAT)。得到的允许范围接近当前实验室值,差异约 $0.4\%-2\%$,具体取决于数据集和核网络,从而支持电子质量在宇宙学时间尺度上的恒定性。

英文摘要:

We investigate the impact of a nonstandard electron mass $m_e$ on early-Universe thermal history, focusing on neutrino decoupling and Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN). In the standard cosmology, neutrino--electron interactions keep neutrinos in thermal contact with the electromagnetic plasma until shortly before $e^\pm$ annihilation. Varying $m_e$ shifts the decoupling epoch and the entropy transfer from $e^\pm$ annihilation, thereby modifying the neutrino energy density and the inferred effective number of relativistic species, $N_{\mathrm{eff}}$. Independently, during BBN the rates of charged-current weak processes, and hence the neutron-to-proton ratio, depend on $m_e$. By confronting BBN predictions for the primordial light-element abundances with observations and imposing cosmological constraints on $N_{\mathrm{eff}}$, we obtain the following $1σ$ bounds on $m_e$ in the early Universe: $m_e = 0.505^{+0.006}_{-0.007}$ MeV (for the NACRE II nuclear reaction network) or $m_e=0.509^{+0.005}_{-0.004}$ MeV (for the PRIMAT nuclear reaction network). These bounds have been derived by adopting the recent determination of the primordial Helium-4 abundance by the Large Binocular Telescope observations of 54 metal-poor H\,\textsc{ii} regions. If instead we adopt the Particle Data Book Helium-4 abundance, the bounds are: $m_e = 0.503^{+0.011}_{-0.015}$ MeV (NACRE II) or $m_e=0.521^{+0.009}_{-0.007}$ MeV (PRIMAT) The obtained allowed ranges are close to the present laboratory value at the level of $\sim 0.4\%-2\%$, depending on the dataset and nuclear network, thus supporting the constancy of the electron mass over cosmological timescales.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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