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高阶模式对双黑洞引力波轨道偏心率测量的影响

Impact of higher-order modes on eccentricity measurement in binary black hole gravitational waves

School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University（武汉大学物理科学与技术学院）

Honglue Tang, Jinzhao Yang, Baoxiang Wang, Tao Yang

备注：
19 pages, 8 figures; v2: updated to match version published in PRD
发表信息：
Phys. Rev. D 114, 044027 (2026)
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AI总结：

研究显示，忽略高阶模式在双黑洞引力波中对偏心率测量的系统性偏差影响，尤其在高总质量、高质量比和高SNR的系统中需考虑HOM以避免误差。

摘要：

我们研究了在引力波波形建模中忽略高阶模式（HOMs）时，双黑洞（BBH）并合过程中测量轨道偏心率系统性偏差的问题。使用最先进的偏心、自旋对齐、高阶模式有效一维体模型SEOBNRv5EHM进行贝叶斯推断，我们重新分析了六个先前建议的偏心引力波事件——GW190521、GW190620、GW190701、GW191109、GW200129和GW200208_222617。与其主导模式仅有的对应模型SEOBNRv5E相比，我们发现对于这些事件中的任何一个，包括文献中存在争议的GW190521，都没有统计上显著的HOM引起的偏心率偏差。为了识别容易受到HOM忽略影响的参数范围，我们进行了广泛的零噪声注入活动，变化探测器框架总质量、质量比、偏心率、倾角和网络SNR。我们发现显著的系统性偏差（Δ_e/σ>1）主要出现在总质量高（M^det≈120M_⊙）、质量比高度不对称（q≈4）、接近边缘方向（θ_JN≈30°）和高SNR（ρ^N_mf≈50）的系统中。值得注意的是，对于总质量M^det≈140M_⊙的准圆BBH，忽略HOM可能导致强的非零偏心率假阳性证据。相比之下，对于低质量系统（M^det≈100M_⊙），HOM排除产生可忽略的偏心率偏差。我们的结果表明，尽管当前偏心候选者不受HOM忽略的影响，但未来的偏心率测量——特别是对于高质量、不对称或边缘方向的系统——需要包含HOM的波形以避免显著的系统误差。

英文摘要：

We investigate the systematic biases in measuring orbital eccentricity for binary black hole (BBH) mergers that arise when higher-order modes (HOMs) of gravitational waves are neglected in waveform modeling. Using Bayesian inference with the state-of-the-art eccentric, spin-aligned, higher-mode effective-one-body model SEOBNRv5EHM, we reanalyze six previously suggested eccentric gravitational-wave events--GW190521, GW190620, GW190701, GW191109, GW200129, and GW200208\_222617. Comparing results with its dominant-mode-only counterpart SEOBNRv5E, we find no statistically significant HOM-induced bias in eccentricity for any of these events, including GW190521, whose eccentricity has been debated in the literature. To explore representative parameter regimes vulnerable to HOM omission, we perform a broad zero-noise injection campaign varying detector-frame total mass, mass ratio, eccentricity, inclination, and network SNR. We find that significant systematic biases ($Δ_e/σ> 1$) arise predominantly in systems with relatively high total mass ($M^{\rm det}\gtrsim120M_\odot$), highly asymmetric mass ratios ($q \gtrsim 4$), large inclinations ($θ_\textrm{JN} \gtrsim 30^\circ$), and high SNRs ($ρ^N_\textrm{mf}\approx50$). Notably, for quasicircular BBHs with approximately $M^{\rm det}\gtrsim140M_\odot$, our results suggest that neglecting HOMs may lead to strong false-positive evidence for nonzero eccentricity. By contrast, for lower-mass systems ($M^{\rm det}\sim100 M_\odot$), HOM exclusion produces negligible eccentricity biases. Our results demonstrate that although current eccentric candidates are not impacted by HOM omission, future eccentricity measurements--particularly for relatively massive, asymmetric, or edge-on systems--require HOM-inclusive waveforms to avoid substantial systematic errors.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。

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