涌现的霍金辐射与量子传感在淬火的手性自旋链中
Emergent Hawking Radiation and Quantum Sensing in a Quenched Chiral Spin Chain
AI总结：
研究手性自旋链模型中霍金辐射的涌现与探测，通过量子淬火模拟引力坍缩，分析辐射谱及其可检测性，利用场论模式和量子传感器验证霍金温度的测量。
摘要：
我们研究了在1D手性自旋链模型中霍金辐射的涌现和检测，其中引力坍缩由突然的量子淬火触发 horizon 诱导相变模拟。虽然我们之前的工作Jaiswal [2025] 建立了该模型即使在霍金猜想似乎被违反的情况下也模拟黑洞形成条件，但此处我们关注由此产生的稳态辐射谱及其可检测性。通过将自旋链动力学映射到弯曲的(1+1)维时空中的狄拉克费米子，我们利用两种互补方法分析辐射：场论模式和操作量子传感器。首先，使用局部化的高斯波包来建模现实探测器，我们发现辐射谱表现出偏离理想普朗克形式的偏差，类似于频率依赖的灰体因子，同时保留稳健的泊松统计，表明形成尺度信息的丧失。其次，我们引入一个耦合到链的量子比特作为稳态Unruh-DeWitt探测器。我们证明该量子比特仅在弱耦合范围内作为霍金温度的真实量子传感器，其人口动力学由浴谱密度支配。在强耦合极限下，探测器与全局环境热化，掩盖了horizon诱导的热特征。这些结果提供了一个清晰的操作协议，用于在量子模拟平台中区分真实的类比霍金辐射与环境噪声。
英文摘要：
We investigate the emergence and detection of Hawking radiation (HR) in a 1D chiral spin chain model, where the gravitational collapse is simulated by a sudden quantum quench that triggers a horizon-inducing phase transition. While our previous work Jaiswal [2025] established that this model mimics BH formation conditions even when the Hoop conjecture is seemingly violated, we here focus on the resulting stationary radiation spectrum and its detectability. By mapping the spin chain dynamics to a Dirac fermion in a curved (1 + 1)-dimensional spacetime, we analyze the radiation using two complementary approaches: field-theoretic modes and operational quantum sensors. First, using localized Gaussian wave packets to model realistic detectors, we find that the radiation spectrum exhibits deviations from the ideal Planckian form, analogous to frequency-dependent greybody factors, while retaining robust Poissonian statistics that signal the loss of formation-scale information. Second, we introduce a qubit coupled to the chain as a stationary Unruh-DeWitt detector. We demonstrate that the qubit functions as a faithful quantum sensor of the Hawking temperature only in the weak-coupling regime, where its population dynamics are governed solely by the bath spectral density. In the strong-coupling limit, the probe thermalizes with the global environment, obscuring the horizon-induced thermal signature. These results provide a clear operational protocol for distinguishing genuine analog HR from environmental noise in quantum simulation platforms.
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