Photonic computing offers a low-power, high-bandwidth paradigm for information processing; however, the analogue nature of conventional architectures means that intrinsic noise and fabrication imperfections greatly impact performance, thereby severely limiting scalability. Recent work on optical skyrmions offers a route to overcoming these limitations by exploiting perturbation-resilient topological invariants assigned to the optical field for computation. Crucially, owing to its relative novelty, an architectural perspective on integrating individual components that manipulate topological charge into a functional system remains an important open goal. In this paper, we take concrete steps toward system-level design by introducing a platform-independent architecture for skyrmion-based logic, built around a modular library of topologically robust optical primitives, including generators, converters, registers, and adders. This framework enables the synthesis and arithmetic manipulation of topological numbers within a unified programmable architecture. We then experimentally validate this approach using multichannel arrays, demonstrating accurate charge readout and high robustness against alignment errors and environmental noise. These results provide a scalable foundation for topologically robust programmable logic arrays, paving the way for compact and integrated photonic processing circuits.
Programmable skyrmions for robust communication and intelligent sensing
State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Wave, Southeast University（东南大学毫米波国家重点实验室）；Institute of Electromagnetic Space, Southeast University（东南大学电磁空间研究院）；Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University（南洋理工大学物理与数学学院颠覆性光子技术中心）；School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University（南洋理工大学电气与电子工程学院）；Suzhou Laboratory（苏州实验室）
University of Southern Denmark（南丹麦大学）；Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen（哥本哈根大学尼尔斯·玻尔研究所）；L.F. Vereshchagin Institute for High Pressure Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences（俄罗斯科学院L.F.韦列夏金高压物理研究所）；GREMAN, CNRS, UMR 7347, INSA CVL, Université de Tours（图尔大学GREMAN实验室）
Magnetic Skyrmion Interacting with Optical Skyrmion
Waseda University（早稻田大学）；University of Shanghai for Science and Technology（上海理工大学）；The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology（香港科技大学）；The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen（香港中文大学（深圳））；National University of Singapore（新加坡国立大学）
