发表机构
The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou); The University of Hong Kong; Nanyang Technological University（香港科技大学（广州）; 香港大学; 南洋理工大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
该研究在硅光子芯片上集成可编程马赫-曾德尔干涉仪网络与多维光栅发射极，实现了多种光学 skyrmion 及 bimeron 的高效可编程生成，为下一代通信和传感系统提供了新方案。
AI 中文摘要
光学 skyrmion 具有拓扑稳定且空间变化的偏振结构，在鲁棒光通信和计量学领域展现出巨大潜力。然而，传统光学斯托克斯 skyrmion 的生成方法依赖庞大的自由空间光学元件，严重限制了系统的小型化和动态可重构性。本文中，我们展示了利用紧凑硅光子芯片高效且可编程生成光学 skyrmion 和 bimeron 的方案。通过将可编程马赫-曾德尔干涉仪网络与多维光栅发射极集成，我们可动态控制发射的基模和轨道角动量模的振幅、相位及偏振。该架构支持在包含奈尔型、布洛赫型、中间型、反型 skyrmion 及 bimeron 的完整光学准粒子态库中按需电切换。实验全斯托克斯偏振测量证实了高保真偏振结构，其 skyrmion 数接近1。我们的晶圆厂兼容平台将复杂拓扑光的生成转化为简单电压控制，为基于光学 skyrmion 的下一代通信和传感系统铺平道路。
英文摘要
Optical skyrmions, characterized by topologically stable and spatially varying polarization textures, show immense potential for robust optical communications and metrology. However, conventional methods for generating optical Stokes skyrmions rely on bulky free-space optics, strictly constraining both system miniaturization and dynamic reconfigurability. Here, we demonstrate the efficient and programmable generation of optical skyrmions and bimerons using a compact silicon photonic chip. By integrating a programmable Mach--Zehnder interferometer mesh with a multi-dimensional grating emitter, we dynamically control the amplitudes, phases, and polarizations of emitted fundamental and orbital angular momentum modes. This architecture allows on-demand electrical switching among a complete library of optical quasi-particle states, including Néel, Bloch, intermediate, and anti-type skyrmions and bimerons. Experimental full-Stokes polarimetry confirms high-fidelity polarization textures with near-unity skyrmion numbers. Our foundry-compatible platform translates complex topological light generation into simple voltage controls, paving the way for next-generation communication and sensing systems based on optical skyrmions.
