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arXiv 2602.01006cond-mat.soft
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柔性的3D超材料用于低频弹性波

Soft 3D Metamaterial for Low-Frequency Elastic Waves

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University(斯坦福大学机械工程系)

Thomas Daunizeau, David Gueorguiev, Vincent Hayward, Allison Okamura, Sinan Haliyo

AI总结:

本研究提出了一种柔性的3D超材料,用于低频弹性波控制,通过结合3D打印弹性体和液态金属共振结构,实现亚波长带隙和高衰减性能。

摘要:

声学超材料提供了对波传播的卓越控制,但其潜力仍未被实现,原因在于制造限制。传统工艺主要产生刚性、平面结构,而软物质替代品迄今为止只能应用于超声波。本工作克服了之前的限制,提出了一种完全柔软的3D超材料,其在200Hz左右工作。该设计结合了3D打印的弹性体晶格与共振包含物的液态金属,通过一系列介孔流体通道注入。其动态响应来源于一种结合集中元件模型与有限元分析的混合策略。模拟揭示了双相设计如何解耦弯曲和扭转模式,为低频弹性波打开亚波长带隙。通过定制的基于相机的振动仪进行实证验证。其高时空分辨率和全场能力能够直接捕捉带隙下的局部模式和衰减波。加速度计数据证实了这些发现,并展示了在仅一半密度下比常见硅胶弹性体更大的衰减。通过结合可扩展的制造、柔性和在人类触觉感知相关频率上的操作,这种新型超材料为轻量、高性能的缓冲器和防护手柄铺平了道路,以保护用户免受有害振动暴露。

英文摘要:

Acoustic metamaterials offer exceptional control over wave propagation, but their potential remains unfulfilled due to fabrication constraints. Conventional processes yield mostly rigid, planar structures, whereas soft-matter alternatives have so far been confined to ultrasounds. This work overcomes prior limitations with a fully soft 3D metamaterial operating around 200Hz. The design combines a 3D-printed elastomer lattice with resonant inclusions of liquid metal, injected via a network of mesofluidic channels. Its dynamic response is derived from a hybrid strategy uniting a lumped-element model with finite element analysis. Simulations reveal how the dual-phase design decouples flexural and torsional modes, opening a subwavelength band gap for low-frequency elastic waves. Empirical validation is achieved via a custom camera-based vibrometer. Its high spatiotemporal resolution and full-field capabilities enable direct capture of local modes and evanescent waves underlying the band gap. Accelerometer data corroborate these findings and demonstrate greater attenuation than common silicone elastomers at only half of the density. By combining scalable fabrication, compliance, and operations at frequencies relevant to human tactile perception, this novel metamaterial paves the way for lightweight, high-performance cushioning and handles that protect users from harmful vibration exposure.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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