内极性弹性超材料
Intrinsically polar elastic metamaterials
摘要：
设计和制造具有定制机械性能的材料的能力，结合对损伤的免疫力，是材料工程的前沿。例如，在结构稳定性必须与柔软和顺应性表面相结合的应用中，例如在冲击保护和缓冲中，需要以取决于介质内部位置的弹性特性为特征的材料。弹性性能的梯度可以由单一材料建立，逐渐改变材料的体积孔隙率或其几何结构。然而，如果在生产时将这种梯度构建到材料中，随着时间的推移，损坏或磨损可能会暴露出不必要的弹性特性。在这里，我们实现了一个空间不均匀材料的设计原则的基础上拓扑带理论的机械系统。由此产生的不均匀性是稳定的，可以防止磨损，甚至可以将材料切成两半。我们展示了如何通过创建具有拓扑特性的周期性弹性材料，可以创建固有的极性行为，其中具有给定表面法线的面是刚性的，而其相对面是软的。
英文摘要：
The ability to design and fabricate materials with tailored mechanical properties, combined with immunity to damage, is a frontier of materials engineering. For example, materials which are characterized by elastic properties that depend on the position inside a medium are required in applications where structural stability has to be combined with a soft and compliant surface, like in impact protection and cushioning. A gradient in the elastic properties can be built from a single material, varying gradually the bulk porosity of the material or its geometrical structure. However, if such a gradient is built into the material at production, damage or wearing over time might expose unwanted elastic properties. Here, we implement a design principle for a spatially inhomogeneous material based on topological band-theory for mechanical systems. The resulting inhomogeneity is stable against wearing and even cutting the material in half. We show how, by creating a periodic elastic material with topological properties, one can create an intrinsically polar behavior, where a face with a given surface normal is stiff while its opposing face is soft.
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