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arXiv 2601.13554quant-ph
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连续高斯量子计量的基本极限

Asymptotic Scaling of Precision Limits in Continuous Gaussian Quantum Metrology

The University of Tokyo(东京大学);The University of Chicago(芝加哥大学);Institute for Physics of Intelligence, The University of Tokyo(东京大学物理智能研究所)

Kazuki Yokomizo, Aashish A. Clerk, Yuto Ashida

AI总结:

该研究通过分析连续高斯量子计量的理论框架,揭示了多模玻色子系统在精度限制、资源权衡及缩放行为方面的基本规律。

摘要:

连续量子计量通过利用逐渐被环境中的辐射量子携带的信息,具有实现高精度传感的潜力。尽管近年来取得了一定进展,但目前对使用玻色子系统进行连续计量的基本精度极限仍缺乏全面理解。我们开发了一个针对多模自由玻色子的量子计量一般理论框架,其在连续高斯测量下进行。我们推导了全局量子 Fisher 信息(QFI)和环境 QFI 的渐近增长率的解析表达式,分别量化了联合系统-环境态中编码的总信息以及从发射辐射中可获取的信息。我们推导了这些量的基本界限,表明虽然Heisenberg型缩放与模式数相关是可行的,但精度最大仅与时间线性增长以及有意义的能量资源相关。为了说明我们的发现,我们分析了几个具体的设置,包括耦合谐振腔阵列和受困粒子阵列。虽然局部设置产生标准线性缩放,但全局耦合设置可以实现模式数的最优二次缩放。此外,我们证明非互易设置可以利用非厄密特性皮肤效应来实现全局QFI的指数增强。值得注意的是,这种增强无法反映在环境QFI中,突显了联合态中存储的信息与辐射到环境中的信息之间的根本区别。这些发现建立了对连续玻色子传感中资源权衡和缩放行为的理解。

英文摘要:

Continuous quantum metrology holds promise for realizing high-precision sensing by harnessing information progressively carried away by the radiation quanta emitted into the environment. Despite recent progress, a comprehensive understanding of the precision limits of continuous metrology with bosonic systems is currently lacking. We develop a general theoretical framework for quantum metrology with multimode free bosons under continuous Gaussian measurements. We derive analytical expressions for the asymptotic growth rates of the global quantum Fisher information (QFI) and the environmental QFI, which quantify the total information encoded in the joint system-environment state and the information accessible from the emitted radiation, respectively. We show that the asymptotic growth rates of the global and environmental QFIs coincide in a class of continuous sensing protocols with dissipative system-environment couplings, while they are in general qualitatively distinct when a system-environment coupling exhibits no damping. We further derive bounds on these quantities, showing that while a quadratic scaling with the number of modes is attainable, the precision scales at most linearly with time and a meaningful energy resource. To illustrate our findings, we analyze several concrete setups, including coupled cavity arrays and trapped particle arrays. While a local setup yields a linear scaling with resources, a globally coupled setup can achieve a quadratic scaling in terms of the mode number. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a nonreciprocal setup can leverage the non-Hermitian skin effect to realize an exponentially enhanced global QFI. Notably, however, this enhancement cannot be reflected in the environmental QFI, highlighting a fundamental distinction between the information stored within the joint state and the information radiated into the environment. ...

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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