高斯时间平移协变操作：结构、实现与热力学
Gaussian time-translation covariant operations: structure, implementation, and thermodynamics
AI总结：
研究时间平移下高斯量子操作（高斯协变操作），通过严格分类弥合连续变量系统表征差距，指出离散变量协变操作关键结果在高斯光学设置不成立，提供相关工具包并揭示多约束场景丰富结构。
摘要：
时间平移对称性强烈约束物理动力学，但连续变量系统的系统表征落后于离散变量对应物。我们通过对在时间平移下协变的高斯量子操作进行严格分类来弥合这一差距，这些操作被称为高斯协变操作。我们表明，离散变量协变操作的几个关键结果在高斯光学设置中不成立：在物理和热力学实现、不对称性的广延性以及催化优势方面出现差异。我们的结果为高斯协变操作提供了全面的数学和操作工具包，包括一对完全非广延的特殊不对称度量。我们的发现还揭示了对称性、高斯性和热力学约束之间相互作用的惊人后果，表明具有多个约束的现实场景具有从单独检查单个约束无法获得的丰富结构。
英文摘要：
Time-translation symmetry strongly constrains physical dynamics, yet systematic characterization for continuous-variable systems lags behind its discrete-variable counterpart. We close this gap by providing a rigorous classification of Gaussian quantum operations that are covariant under time translations, termed Gaussian covariant operations. We show that several key results known for discrete-variable covariant operations break down in the Gaussian optical setting: discrepancies arise in physical and thermodynamic implementation, in the extensivity of asymmetry, and in catalytic advantages. Our results provide comprehensive mathematical and operational toolkits for Gaussian covariant operations, including a peculiar pair of asymmetry measures that are completely non-extensive. Our findings also reveal surprising consequences of the interplay among symmetry, Gaussianity, and thermodynamic constraints, suggesting that real-world scenarios with multiple constraints have a rich structure not accessible from examining individual constraints separately.
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