From Source Properties to Strong-Field Tests: a multipronged analysis of GW250114 with an effective one-body model for generic orbits
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute)（马克斯·普朗克引力物理研究所（爱因斯坦研究所））；Institute for Gravitation & the Cosmos, Department of Physics & Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, The Pennsylvania State University（宾夕法尼亚州立大学引力与宇宙学研究所、物理系及天文学与天体物理学系）；Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley（加州大学伯克利分校物理系）；Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino（都灵大学物理系）；INFN Sezione di Torino（意大利国家核物理研究院都灵分部）
We present a detailed analysis of GW250114, the loudest gravitational-wave signal observed to date, using a waveform model capable of describing binary black holes in generic (eccentric and precessing) orbits. Our analysis builds on LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK)'s results, finding that the source is consistent at a probability of $\geq 96\%$ with the merger of two first-generation, nearly equal-mass, low-spin black holes, forming a remnant within the pair-instability mass gap. The signal's high signal-to-noise ratio ($\gtrsim 75$) enables the detection of the subdominant $(4,\pm4)$ multipoles, whose presence we confirm with higher evidence than previously reported by the LVK. Restricting the analysis even to post-peak data yields $\log_{10}B\gtrsim 1$ in favor of models including the $(4,\pm4)$ mode, demonstrating that this contribution remains detectable well into the post-merger phase. We further perform three independent tests of general relativity, complementary to those performed by the LVK: a modified residual analysis confirms that our semi-analytical model fully describes the signal without detectable discrepancies; a subdominant mode test finds that the amplitude of the $(4,\pm4)$ multipoles agrees with general-relativistic expectations; and a parameterised analysis of the plunge-merger-ringdown regime recovers the GR expectation within the 50\% credible region for the remnant mass and spin, and within the 90\% interval for the $(2,\pm2)$ peak amplitude. Collectively, these results reinforce GW250114 as a landmark event for a precision test of gravity.
Spin-orbit precession along eccentric orbits: improving the knowledge of self-force corrections and of their effective-one-body counterparts
通过后牛顿第九阶计算了自旋致密体绕Schwarzschild黑洞沿微偏心轨道的自旋轨道进动的（一阶）引力自作用力修正，改进了Kavanagh等人最近的结果。修订版本\ D { \bf 96}，064012（2017）。]然后将这些信息转换成相应的连续单体对应物，从而确定陀螺重磁比$g_{S*}$中的几个新的后牛顿项。
Precisely computing bound orbits of spinning bodies around black holes I: General framework and results for nearly equatorial orbits
超大质量比的双黑洞系统是广义相对论中两体问题的一个干净的极限，也是低频引力波的重要来源。在最低阶，较小的物体沿着较大黑洞时空的测地线运动。后测地线效应包括引力自作用力（包含引力波发射的反作用）和自旋曲率力（由小天体的自旋与黑洞的时空曲率耦合而产生）。本文描述了一种精确计算自旋体绕黑洞的束缚轨道的方法。我们的分析建立在Witzany的开创性工作的基础上，该工作演示了如何描述旋转体在小天体旋转中的线性顺序运动。利用大质量比极限旋转体轨道接近测地线的事实，并使用van de Meent描述小天体旋转沿黑洞轨道的岁差的封闭形式结果，我们建立了可以非常精确求解的运动频域公式。我们研究了一系列的轨道与此公式，重点在本文的轨道是偏心和近赤道（即，轨道的运动是$\mathcal{O}(S)$离开赤道平面），但是对于它，小天体的自旋是任意定向的。我们讨论一般轨道一般小体自旋取向的配套文件。我们描述了这些轨道的行为，并展示了小天体的自旋如何改变影响轨道运动的频率$Ω_r$和$Ω_ϕ$。这些频移改变了作为直接引力波观测量的累积相位，说明了精确表征这些量对引力波观测的重要性。（节录）
