arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2511.09660astro-ph.CO
收藏

利用深度紧致聚类测量暗物质自相互作用截面以实现稳健的机器学习推断

Measuring the Dark Matter Self-Interaction Cross-Section with Deep Compact Clustering for Robust Machine Learning Inference

EPFL(洛桑联邦理工学院);Bocconi University(博科尼大学)

Ethan Tregidga, David Harvey, Luca Biggio, Felix Vecchi

AI总结:

该研究提出利用深度紧致聚类技术,通过分析星系团图像来测量暗物质自相互作用截面,从而实现稳健的机器学习推断。

摘要:

我们开发了一种机器学习算法,能够检测“域外数据”以实现可信的宇宙学推断。通过使用两个独立的宇宙学模拟数据集,我们展示了该算法能够确定“观测数据”是否与其训练域一致,返回置信度估计以及准确的参数估计。我们将该算法应用于BAHAMAS-SIDM和DARKSKIES模拟的二维星系团图像,目的是测量暗物质的自相互作用截面。通过深度紧致聚类,我们构建了一个信息丰富的潜在空间,其中星系团被映射到潜在空间中,形成“潜在聚类”以代表每个模拟。潜在聚类的位置对应于宏观参数,如截面σ_DM/m。然后我们通过模拟观测,其中观测到的潜在聚类位置告诉我们哪些属性与训练数据共享。如果观测到的潜在聚类与已知模拟的潜在聚类没有相似之处,我们可以得出结论,我们的模拟不代表观测结果,因此应丢弃任何参数估计,从而提供一种测量机器学习置信度的方法。该方法为透明且稳健的推断提供了蓝图,这在科学机器学习中备受需求。

英文摘要:

We have developed a machine learning algorithm capable of detecting ``out-of-domain data'' for trustworthy cosmological inference. By using data from two separate suites of cosmological simulations, we show that our algorithm is able to determine whether ``observed'' data is consistent with its training domain, returning confidence estimates as well as accurate parameter estimations. We apply our algorithm to two-dimensional images of galaxy clusters from the BAHAMAS-SIDM and DARKSKIES simulations with the aim to measure the self-interaction cross-section of dark matter. Through deep compact clustering we construct an informative latent space where galaxy clusters are mapped to the latent space forming ``latent-clusters'' for each simulation, with the location of the latent-cluster corresponding to the macroscopic parameters, such as the cross-section, $σ_{\rm DM}/m$. We then pass through mock observations, where the location of the observed latent-cluster informs us of which properties are shared with the training data. If the observed latent-cluster shares no similarities with latent-clusters from the known simulations, we can conclude that our simulations do not represent the observations and discard any parameter estimations, thus providing us with a method to measure machine learning confidence. This method serves as a blueprint for transparent and robust inference that is in demand in scientific machine learning.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑