超新星1987A系统及其近期演化——综述
The Supernova 1987A system and its recent evolution - a review
AI总结：
本综述总结超新星1987A近十年观测进展，涵盖抛射物及赤道环的尘埃、分子和离子研究，并强调JWST发现中心红移窄线发射，表明存在冷却中子星或脉冲星风云。
摘要：
超新星1987A是近400年来观测到的最邻近的超新星事件。爆炸产生的向外抛射物持续与扩展的星周物质以及三重环系统中的赤道环（ER）相互作用，同时对该系统的观测已覆盖整个电磁波谱。本综述主要关注过去十年间发表的关于超新星1987A及其遗迹的研究工作。这些工作包括：（a）利用亚毫米、红外和X射线波段对抛射物中分子、离子和尘埃的研究，以及（b）利用红外、光学和X射线波段对赤道环及周围星周介质中尘埃和电离气体的研究，包括当赤道环受到高速抛射物冲击和侵蚀时这些物质的时变演化。自2022年以来，詹姆斯·韦布空间望远镜（JWST）已可用于对超新星1987A进行高角分辨率红外观测，并对上述（a）和（b）两方面均做出了重要贡献。JWST在抛射物中心发现多种离子物种的红移窄线发射，这强烈要求该处存在一个冷却的热中子星或脉冲星风云（pulsar wind nebula）以提供发射所需的能量。
英文摘要：
Supernova 1987A was the closest supernova event to be observed in nearly 400 years. The outflowing ejecta from the explosion continues to interact with extended circumstellar material and with the equatorial ring (ER) in the triple ring system, while observations of the system have continued across the whole electromagnetic spectrum. This review mainly focuses on works published over the past ten years on Supernova 1987A and its remnant. These include (a) submillimetre, infrared and X-ray studies of molecules, ions and dust in the ejecta, and (b) infrared, optical and X-ray studies of dust and ionized gas in the ER and in the surrounding circumstellar medium, including their time evolution as the ER is shocked and eroded by the impact of high velocity ejecta. Since 2022, the James Webb Space Telescope has become available for high angular resolution infrared observations of Supernova 1987A and has made significant contributions to both (a) and (b) above. Its discovery of redshifted narrow-line emission from multiple ion species located at the centre of the ejecta strongly requires the presence there of either a cooling hot neutron star, or a pulsar wind nebula, to power the emission.
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