超新星核合成：综述
Supernova nucleosynthesis: a review
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文综述超新星核合成的最新进展，重点介绍基于先进模拟的各通道核合成产额，并探讨Ia型、核坍缩、电子俘获和对不稳定超新星在重元素产生中的作用及理论不确定性。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
超新星是宇宙化学演化的主要驱动力。它们合成重元素，并通过爆炸激波将其散布到星际介质中。在前超新星演化和爆炸事件本身期间，轻元素都会被转化为更重的元素。超新星爆炸在独特的热力学条件下产生富含中子、质子和中微子的核合成环境，这可以促成铁以外重元素的产生。现代数值模拟正在构建各种超新星通道的日益逼真的爆炸模型，提供更准确的核合成条件和化学产额。与此同时，大规模光谱巡天提供精确、高分辨率的恒星丰度数据，以及来自前太阳系颗粒和陨石的同位素比率，我们对超新星在宇宙核合成中作用的理解有望取得重大进展。我们回顾了各种超新星通道建模的最新进展，特别强调基于最先进模拟的核合成产额。我们考察了Ia型、核坍缩、电子俘获和对不稳定超新星在产生中等质量、铁峰、跨铁和非常重元素中的作用，以及它们特征性的化学印记。我们还概述了影响产额预测的主要理论不确定性。我们打算将这篇综述作为理论模型开发的及时参考，以及解释观测丰度数据的实用指南。
英文摘要
Supernovae are major drivers of cosmic chemical evolution. They synthesize heavy elements and disperse them into the interstellar medium via their explosion shocks. Light elements are converted into heavier ones during both presupernova evolution and the explosive event itself. Supernova explosions generate nucleosynthesis environments rich in neutrons, protons, and neutrinos under unique thermodynamic conditions, which can enable the production of heavy elements beyond iron. Modern numerical simulations are constructing increasingly realistic explosion models of various supernova channels, providing more accurate nucleosynthesis conditions and chemical yields. In tandem with advances in large-scale spectroscopic surveys delivering precise, high-resolution stellar abundance data, as well as isotopic ratios from presolar grains and meteorites, our understanding of the supernova role in cosmic nucleosynthesis is poised to advance significantly. We review recent progress in modeling various supernova channels, with particular emphasis on nucleosynthesis yields derived from state-of-the-art simulations. We examine the roles of Type Ia, core-collapse, electron-capture, and pair-instability supernovae in producing intermediate-mass, iron-peak, trans-iron, and very heavy elements, as well as their characteristic chemical imprints. We also outline major theoretical uncertainties that affect yield predictions. We intend this review to serve as a timely reference for theoretical model development and a practical guide for interpreting observational abundance data.
发表机构
- International Centre of Supernovae (ICESUN), Yunnan Key Laboratory of Supernova Research, Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)（中国科学院云南天文台）
- Center for Exotic Nuclear Studies, Institute for Basic Science（基础科学研究院）
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