arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2510.08730cs.CLcs.LG
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语言模型微基准测试的可靠性如何?

How Reliable is Language Model Micro-Benchmarking?

Gregory Yauney, Shahzaib Saqib Warraich, Swabha Swayamdipta

AI总结:

研究探讨了微基准测试在不同规模下的可靠性,发现需至少250个示例才能一致排序模型,随机抽样在某些情况下与现有方法相当。

摘要:

微基准测试提供了一种解决方案,以解决语言模型开发中通常耗费时间和成本的问题:在现有的基准测试非常小的子集上进行评估。然而,这些微基准测试是否能够像它们所取代的完整基准测试一样一致地对模型进行排名?它们是否能够比随机选择的数据点集更一致地对模型进行排名?在许多情况下,我们发现答案是否定的。我们引入了一个元评估度量来评估微基准测试,该度量调查了微基准测试在完整基准测试上模型性能差异的情况下,能够多好地对两个模型进行排名。这种方法可以确定哪些模型对可以被微基准测试正确排序,从而允许对微基准测试大小与可靠性之间的权衡进行更细致的分析。先前的工作建议选择尽可能少的10个示例;我们发现没有任何微基准测试方法能够一致地对在MMLU-Pro上相差3.5个准确度点或在BIG-bench Hard上相差4个点的模型对进行排序。为了能够一致地对表现相对相似的模型对进行排序,我们发现通常需要选择多达250个示例,此时随机抽样与现有微基准测试方法具有竞争力。当仅比较8B指令调优模型在MMLU-Pro微基准测试中使用25个示例时,我们发现超过一半的成对比较可能不会被保留。我们的工作为微基准测试用户和开发者提供了可操作的指导,帮助他们在评估效率和可靠性之间的权衡中进行导航。

英文摘要:

Micro-benchmarking offers a solution to the often prohibitive time and cost of language model development: evaluate on a very small subset of existing benchmarks. Can these micro-benchmarks, however, rank models as consistently as the full benchmarks they replace? And can they rank models more consistently than selecting a random subset of data points? In many scenarios, we find that the answer is no. We introduce a meta-evaluation measure for micro-benchmarking which investigates how well a micro-benchmark can rank two models as a function of their performance difference on the full benchmark. This approach can determine which model pairs can be ranked correctly by a micro-benchmark, allowing for a finer-grained analysis of the trade-off between micro-benchmark size and reliability. Prior work has suggested selecting as few as 10 examples; we find that no micro-benchmarking method can consistently rank model pairs 3.5 points of accuracy apart on MMLU-Pro or 4 points apart on BIG-bench Hard. In order to consistently rank model pairs with relatively similar performances, we show that often as many as 250 examples must be selected, at which point random sampling is competitive with existing micro-benchmarking methods. When comparing only 8B instruction-tuned models on MMLU-Pro micro-benchmarks with 25 examples, we find that more than half of pairwise comparisons are not likely to be preserved. Our work provides actionable guidance for both micro-benchmark users and developers in navigating the trade-off between evaluation efficiency and reliability.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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