基于物理原理的波浪飞溅海雾生成模型
A physically-informed sea spray generation model for splashing waves
AI总结：
本研究提出基于物理原理的波浪飞溅海雾生成函数，通过液环碰撞机制解释大雾滴生成，挑战了飞溅低效的传统观点。
摘要：
直径可达2毫米的大型海雾滴是控制飓风和强风暴增强的最不确定因素之一，因为其生成机制尚未被理解。波浪飞溅产生其中最大的雾滴，但关于这些雾滴的观测数据难以获取，因此无法为当前的建模工作提供信息。在本研究中，我们转而通过从第一性原理组装模型，提出了一种用于海洋波浪飞溅的海雾生成函数（SSGF）。首先，我们引入两个圆柱形液环的横向碰撞作为液滴产生的基本机制。我们根据三个竞争过程来表征由此产生的液滴生成：液丝的产生与合并、通过末端收缩生成液滴，以及阻止该机制的重力。其次，我们构建了一个理论模型，用以解释碰撞液环产生的液滴尺寸分布，并将其与现有的实验和数值数据进行了验证。最后，通过纳入海况信息，该模型可发展为完整的SSGF，且只需相对较少的调参参数。该模型具有灵活性，可通过纳入有限液滴寿命和二次破碎等相关效应进行扩展。总体而言，我们的模型表明，波浪飞溅能高效地产生大量次级液滴，这挑战了先前认为其是海雾低效生成机制的观点。
英文摘要：
Large sea spray drops - of up to 2mm in diameter - constitute one of the most uncertain factors controlling the intensification of hurricanes and severe storms because their generation mechanisms are not understood. Wave splashing produces among the largest spray drops, but observational data regarding these drops is difficult to obtain and hence cannot inform current modelling efforts. In this study, we instead propose a sea spray generation function (SSGF) for ocean wave splashing by assembling a model from first principles. First, we introduce the transverse collision of two cylindrical liquid rims as the basic mechanism for drop production. We characterize the resulting drop production in terms of three competing processes: ligament production and merging, drop generation by end-pinching, and gravity which arrests the mechanism. Second, we formulate a theoretical model which explains the drop size distributions produced by the colliding rims and test it against existing experimental and numerical data. Finally, the model can be developed into a full SSGF by incorporating sea state information with relatively few tuning parameters. The model is flexible and can be extended by including related effects such as finite droplet lifetime and secondary breakup. Altogether, our model suggests that wave splashing can efficiently produce numerous secondary droplets, challenging prior assumptions that it is an inefficient generation mechanism for sea spray.
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