饱和溶iton和黑洞蒸发的相似性
Similarities in the evaporation of saturated solitons and black holes
AI总结：
本文研究了饱和溶iton与黑洞蒸发的相似性，通过展示真空气泡的衰变过程，揭示了其与黑洞蒸发及信息检索的共同特征。
摘要：
很久以前就有人提出，许多黑洞性质并非专属于引力，而是由一类所谓的饱和物（saturons）所共享，这些物饱和了量子场论中微观态退化的上限。到目前为止，这种普遍性在多个显式例子中已被理解和证明。在本文中，我们通过展示一个简单的二维饱和溶iton的衰变过程，复制了黑洞衰变以及信息检索的一些关键方面，从而为这一普遍性增添了另一块基石。我们研究了一个自发破缺SU(N)对称性的经典稳定真空气泡，其与无质量费米子耦合。我们表明，衰变率以及所发射量子的特征能量由物体尺寸的倒数给出，这与黑洞的霍金蒸发有显著相似性。信息检索的时间尺度也与之前为黑洞建议的时间尺度相匹配。我们给出了该现象的 semiclassical 推导以及其完全量子解，即作为Goldstone玻色子衰减相干态的微观理解。该现象的普遍性质及其微观理解支持了黑洞作为引力子饱和相干态的类比量子图景。
英文摘要：
It has been suggested some time ago that many black hole properties are not specific to gravity, but rather are shared by a large class of objects, the so-called saturons, that saturate the quantum field theoretic upper bound on microstate degeneracy. By now, various aspects of this universality have been understood and demonstrated in a number of explicit examples. In the present paper, we add one more brick to the building by showing that the decay of a simple two-dimensional saturated soliton copies some key aspects of the black hole decay as well as of the information retrieval. In particular, we study the evaporation process of a classically-stable vacuum bubble of a spontaneously broken $SU(N)$-symmetry, coupled to massless fermions. We show that the decay rate as well as the characteristic energy of the emitted quanta are given by the inverse size of the object, in striking similarity with the Hawking evaporation of a black hole. The time-scale of information retrieval also matches the one previously suggested for a black hole by Page. We give the semiclassical derivation of the phenomenon as well as its fully quantum resolution as a decaying coherent state of Goldstone bosons. The universal nature of the effect and its microscopic understanding support the analogous quantum portrait of a black hole as a saturated coherent state of gravitons.
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