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arXiv 2506.03485physics.optics
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有限寿命共振及其奇异点的时间域激发

Time-Domain Excitation of Finite-Lifetime Resonances and Their Exceptional Points

Tel Aviv University（特拉维夫大学）；City University of New York（纽约市立大学）

Asaf Farhi, Dror Hershkovitz, Andrea Alu, Haim Suchowski

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AI总结：

本文实验观察了复频率共振的时间响应，并理论研究了奇异点，揭示了开放腔在复频率驱动下的通用瞬态现象，实现了功率传输的t和t^2标度增长。

摘要：

与复频率极点相关的共振在物理学中普遍存在，可以出现在任何开放系统中，从亚波长粒子和腔体到生物结构。当两个这样的共振合并时，它们形成奇异点（EPs），这是非厄米奇点，已知会产生不寻常的光谱和动力学行为。然而，这些共振和奇异点对复频率驱动的响应动力学在很大程度上仍未探索。在这里，我们实验观察了复频率共振的时间响应，并针对奇异点进行了理论研究。我们揭示了开放腔在复频率驱动下的一个通用瞬态现象：系统的初始响应线性增长，在奇异点处增强，即使系统是被动的且激励衰减。针对一般谐振器的闭式理论，扩展到高阶模式，预测了复单极子和奇异点分别具有$t$和$t^2$标度的有效功率传输，适用于所有时间。我们在亚波长光学散射体中展示了这些效应，并在电路模拟中进行了实验验证，结果吻合良好，同时探索了捕获奇异点增强增长的配置。

英文摘要：

Resonances associated with complex-frequency poles are ubiquitous across physics and can arise in any open system, ranging from subwavelength particles and cavities to biological structures. When two such resonances coalesce, they form exceptional points (EPs), non-Hermitian singularities known to produce unusual spectral and dynamical behavior. However, the dynamics of the response of such resonances and exceptional points to complex frequency drive remained largely unexplored. Here, we experimentally observe the temporal response of complex-frequency resonances and theoretically study this for exceptional points. We unveil a universal transient phenomenon of open cavities driven at complex frequencies: the system's initial response grows linearly, with enhanced growth at exceptional points (EPs), even though the system is passive and the excitation decays. Closed-form theory for general resonators, extended to higher-order modes, predicts efficient power transfer with $t$ and $t^2$ scaling for complex single poles and exceptional points (EPs), respectively, at all times. We demonstrate these effects in subwavelength optical scatterers and experimentally in an electrical circuit analogue, with excellent agreement, and explore configurations that capture EP-enhanced growth.

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