强引力透镜活动星系核 HE 0435-1223 的毫角秒 X 射线位置与 X 射线变天体测量
Milli-arcsec X-ray positions and X-ray varstrometry for the strongly lensed AGN HE 0435-1223
AI总结：
研究结合 Gaia DR3 与 Chandra 数据测定四重透镜类星体 HE 0435-1223 的毫角秒 X 射线位置，发现其相对光学位置偏移 3 mas，可用于揭示喷流、外流及双 AGN 系统。
摘要：
活动星系核（AGN）是宇宙中最强大的天体之一。正因如此，它们可以在很高的红移（z）处被观测到，从而为理解我们宇宙的演化提供宝贵线索。然而，高红移 AGN 距离过远，现有或即将建成的 X 射线设备都无法在空间上分辨它们。本文展示了如何利用引力透镜 AGN，即使在高红移下也能显著提高空间分辨率。我们将 Gaia DR3 的天体测量数据与 Chandra X 射线天文台对四重透镜类星体 HE 0435--1223 的成像相结合，首次测量光学辐射与 X 射线辐射之间可能存在的偏移。我们在 0.5 × 1.3 毫角秒（mas）的 1σ 准椭圆区域内测定了 HE 0435-1223 的 X 射线源位置；在源红移 z=1.689 处，该区域约为 150 pc²。我们发现有证据表明，X 射线辐射相对于 Gaia（光学）辐射存在投影距离为 3 mas 的偏移。该位置偏移最可能与一部分 X 射线辐射来自 X 射线喷流或外流有关。我们还讨论了如何利用这一方法指示双 AGN 或偏移 AGN 系统的存在。
英文摘要：
Active galactic nuclei (AGN) are some of the most powerful objects in the Universe. For this reason, they can be observed up to high redshifts (z), giving valuable insights into the evolution of our Universe. However, high-z AGN are too distant to be spatially resolved with current or upcoming X-ray facilities. In this paper we show how we can exploit gravitationally lensed AGN to significantly increase spatial resolution even at high-z. We combine astrometric data from Gaia DR3 with imaging from the Chandra X-ray Observatory of the quadruply-lensed quasar HE 0435--1223 to measure for the first time possible offsets between the optical and the X-ray emissions. We measure the X-ray source position for HE 0435-1223 within a 1$σ$ quasi-elliptical region of 0.5 x 1.3 milli-arcsecond (mas), about 150 pc$^2$ at the redshift of the source (z=1.689). We find evidence for the X-ray emission being offset by a projected 3 mas from the Gaia (optical) emission. The positional offset is most likely associated to a portion of the X-ray emission arising from an X-ray jet or outflow. We also discuss how this method can be used to indicate the presence of a binary/offset AGN system.
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