复合体与磁偶极子的隐动量
Hidden momentum of composite bodies and magnetic dipoles
AI总结：
本文揭示隐动量源于复合体内部粒子质量的有效变化，通过将隐动量定义为总动量与质心动量之差，系统解释了其在非相对论系统、相对论系统及磁偶极子中的产生机制。
摘要：
隐动量是一种与磁偶极子及其他扩展相对论系统相关的令人困惑的现象。我们指出，隐动量的起源在于复合体中单个粒子质量的有效变化，在此过程中系统的总动量不等于质心的动量。将隐动量定义为总动量与质心动量之差，我们详细解释了隐动量如何在某些简单的非相对论系统中产生，在典型的相对论系统中如何由于速度相关的“相对论质量”而产生，以及作为相对论系统特例的磁偶极子中如何产生。
英文摘要：
Hidden momentum is a puzzling phenomenon associated with magnetic dipoles and other extended relativistic systems. We point out that the origin of hidden momentum lies in the effective change of individual particle masses of a composite body, during which the total momentum of the system is not equal to the momentum of the center of mass. Defining the hidden momentum as the difference between the total momentum and the center-of-mass momentum, we explain in detail how hidden momentum arises in certain simple non-relativistic systems, in typical relativistic systems due to velocity-dependent ``relativistic mass'', and in magnetic dipoles as a special case of relativistic systems.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
