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arXiv 2503.04073gr-qcastro-ph.HEastro-ph.IM
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下一代引力波天文台天体物理推断面临的重大挑战

Significant challenges for astrophysical inference with next-generation gravitational-wave observatories

Monash University(莫纳什大学);OzGrav: The ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational-Wave Discovery(引力波发现ARC卓越中心);California Institute of Technology(加州理工学院)

A. Makai Baker, Paul D. Lasky, Eric Thrane, Jacob Golomb

AI总结:

本文指出下一代引力波天文台的高信噪比长时BNS信号因地球自转、干涉仪自由光谱范围效应复杂度剧增,现有数据压缩方法失效,16Hz以下关键频段的推断计算不可行,并探讨了解决方向。

摘要:

下一代引力波天文台将凭借更宽的观测频段实现前所未有的应变灵敏度,每年可探测到${\cal O}(10^5)$个双中子星(BNS)并合事件,其中信噪比最高的信号将在观测频段内停留约90分钟,信噪比可达约1500。现有技术无法确定下一代观测中最高信噪比BNS信号的天体物理参数。我们发现,与LIGO-Virgo探测到的时长一分钟的信号相比,地球自转和引力波干涉仪自由光谱范围带来的细微效应会大幅提升下一代BNS信号的复杂度。当前用于加速高成本BNS计算的各类压缩方法——降阶求积、多频带法、相对分箱法——都将失效。我们在考虑地球自转和天文台自由光谱范围的前提下,对模拟的下一代BNS信号开展了降阶推断。结果表明,当纳入约16Hz以下的数据(这部分观测频段对精准天区定位至关重要)时,标准数据压缩技术不再实用,整个推断问题在计算上不可行。我们还讨论了解决这一复杂问题的潜在路径。

英文摘要:

The next generation of gravitational-wave observatories will achieve unprecedented strain sensitivities with an expanded observing band. They will detect ${\cal O}(10^5)$ binary neutron star (BNS) mergers every year, the loudest of which will be in the band for $\approx 90$ minutes with signal-to-noise ratios $\approx 1500$. Current techniques will not be able to determine the astrophysical parameters of the loudest of next-gen BNS signals. We show that subtleties arising from the rotation of the Earth and the free-spectral range of gravitational-wave interferometers dramatically increases the complexity of next-gen BNS signals compared to the one-minute signals seen by LIGO--Virgo. Various compression methods currently relied upon to speed up the most expensive BNS calculations -- reduced-order quadrature, multi-banding, and relative binning -- will no longer be effective. We carry out reduced-order inference on a simulated next-gen BNS signal taking into account the Earth's rotation and the observatories' free-spectral range. We show that standard data compression techniques become impractical, and the full problem becomes computationally infeasible, when we include data below $\approx 16$Hz -- a part of the observing band that is critical for precise sky localisation. We discuss potential paths towards solving this complex problem.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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