The selection of candidate high-redshift galaxies using the dropout technique targeting the Lyman-break signature sometimes yields very bright objects that are too luminous to be easily explained if they are indeed at the expected redshifts. Here we present a systematic study of very bright dropouts selected through successive bands of the NIRCam instrument onboard the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Using the public NIRCam data in four blank fields over 500~arcmin$^2$, 300 such objects were found. They have F356W magnitudes $<25.1$~mag or $<26.0$~mag depending on the dropout passband, and the majority of them ($>80\%$) have very red F115W$-$F356W colors $> 2.0$~mag, qualifying them as ``extremely red objects'' (EROs). We focus on 137 objects that also have mid-IR observations from the JWST MIRI instrument. Their spectral energy distribution analysis shows that these objects are dominated by low-redshift ($z\sim1$--4) galaxies ($\gtrsim67\%$). However, a non-negligible fraction ($\gtrsim7\%$) could be at high redshifts. Seven of our objects have secure spectroscopic redshifts from JWST NIRSpec identifications, and the results confirm this picture: while six are low-redshift galaxies ($z\approx3$), one is a known galaxy at $z=8.679$ {(with $M_{\rm UV}=-22.4$~mag and stellar mass $M_*=10^{9.1}M_\odot$)} recovered in our sample. In light of recent theoretical models on early galaxy formation, this confirmed high-redshift galaxy does not pose a challenge. However, as our sample contains very luminous high-redshift candidates in the regime still underexplored ($M_{\rm UV}\leq -23$~mag and $M_*>10^{10.5}M_\odot$), spectroscopic identifications are necessary to ensure they do not create tension with these new models.
Warm molecular Hydrogen at high redshift with the James Webb Space Telescope
星系的形成受到引力坍缩、星系合并以及活动星系核和恒星形成相关反馈之间复杂相互作用的调控。这些过程释放的能量必须消散，使气体冷却、凝结并形成恒星。因此，气体如何冷却是理解星系形成的关键。\textit{Spitzer Space Telescope}红外光谱显示了一个星系的人口与弱的恒星形成和异常强大的H $_2$线发射。这是湍流耗散的特征，由大规模机械能注入维持。多相星际介质的冷却与H $_2$谱线的发射有关。这些结果对我们理解恒星形成的规律、反馈和星系形成的能量学有着深远的影响。在高红移湍流星系中H $_2$谱线能被强烈增强这一事实对于揭示H $_2$在星系聚集时代作为冷却剂的作用的\textit{James Webb Space Telescope}观测具有重要意义。
Lyman continuum leakage versus quenching with the James Webb Space Telescope: The spectral signatures of quenched star formation activity in reionization-epoch galaxies
A Mysteriously Tight H$α$-[O III] Correlation and Non-Case B Balmer Decrements Revealed by the Spectra from the James Webb Space Telescope NIRSpec Instrument
PEARLS: 21 Transients Found in the Three-Epoch NIRCam Observations in the Continuous Viewing Zone of the James Webb Space Telescope
University of Missouri（密苏里大学）；University of Massachusetts, Amherst（马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校）；Texas A. & M. University（德克萨斯农工大学）；University of Arizona（亚利桑那大学）；Oklahoma State University（俄克拉荷马州立大学）；Space Telescope Science Institute（太空望远镜科学研究所）；The Ohio State University（俄亥俄州立大学）
The spectral evolution of the first Galaxies. III. Simulated James Webb Space Telescope spectra of reionization-epoch galaxies with Lyman continuum leakage
Characterization of Population III Stars with Stellar Atmosphere and Evolutionary Modeling and Predictions of their Observability with the James Webb Space Telescope
The GLASS James Webb Space Telescope Early Release Science Program. I. Survey Design and Release Plans
GLASS James Webb空间望远镜早期释放科学（以下简称GLASS-JWST-ERS）计划将获得并公开提供ERS活动的最深河外数据。它主要是为了解决两个关键的科学问题，即“什么来源电离宇宙和什么时候？重子如何在星系中循环？“，同时也使各种各样的第一眼科学调查成为可能。在主模式下，它将获得由前景哈勃前沿场星系团Abell 2744透镜的星系的NIRISS和NIRSpec光谱。与此同时，它将使用NIRCam来观察两个偏离星团中心的视场，其中透镜放大率可以忽略不计，因此可以有效地将其视为空白视场。为了让社区做好准备，以获得这一前所未有的数据，我们描述了科学原理，调查设计（包括目标选择和观测设置），并提出了预期灵敏度的预调试估计。此外，我们还介绍了计划公开发布的高级别数据产品，供更广泛的天文学界使用。
A dust-free hierarchically nested supermassive-star model for James Webb Space Telescope Little Red Dots
Universitat Politècnica de València（瓦伦西亚理工大学）；Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics（马克斯·普朗克地外物理研究所）；Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics at Peking University（北京大学科维理天文与天体物理研究所）
The Large Magellanic Cloud through the lens of the James Webb Space Telescope: Binaries and the mass function in the galaxy's outskirts
Univ. di Padova（帕多瓦大学）；INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova（意大利国家天体物理研究所帕多瓦天文台）；Australian National University（澳大利亚国立大学）；American University of Sharjah（沙迦美国大学）；Space Telescope Science Institute（太空望远镜科学研究所）；INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna（意大利国家天体物理研究所博洛尼亚天体物理与空间科学观测站）；Yonsei University（延世大学）
Extragalactic Multi-Band Exploration of Red Supergiants (EMBERS): Pipeline, Source Classification, and Bolometric Properties of 101,219 Red Supergiants from James Webb Space Telescope Imaging
Northwestern University（西北大学）；University of Toronto（多伦多大学）；University of Florida（佛罗里达大学）；INAF（意大利国家天体物理研究所）
Searching for the elusive CH2+ with the James Webb Space Telescope. Another carbocation to constrain astrochemical networks
Instituto de Física Fundamental (CSIC)（基础物理研究所（西班牙高等科学研究委员会））；Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS（巴黎萨克雷大学空间天体物理学研究所（法国国家科学研究中心））；Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, UMR8214, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay（奥赛分子科学学院（法国国家科学研究中心，巴黎萨克雷大学））；Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca（萨拉曼卡大学化学学院物理化学系）；Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of Western Ontario（韦仕敦大学物理与天文系）；Institute for Earth and Space Exploration, The University of Western Ontario（韦仕敦大学地球与太空探索研究所）
New Measurements of Distances to Galaxies in the NGC 1052 Field with the Hubble and James Webb Space Telescopes: Testing the Bullet-Dwarf Origin of the Trail
University of California Santa Cruz（加州大学圣克鲁兹分校）；Space Telescope Science Institute（太空望远镜科学研究所）；San José State University（圣何塞州立大学）；Yale University（耶鲁大学）
Faint galaxies in the Zone of Avoidance revealed by JWST/NIRCam
Universidad de La Serena（拉塞雷纳大学）；Instituto de Astronomía Teórica y Experimental, (IATE-CONICET)（理论与实验天文研究所）；Observatorio Astronómico de Córdoba, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba（科尔多瓦天文台，科尔多瓦国立大学）；Steward Observatory, University of Arizona（斯图尔德天文台，亚利桑那大学）；Instituto de Investigación en Astronomía y Ciencias Planetarias, Universidad de Atacama（天文学与行星科学研究所，阿塔卡马大学）；Instituto de Astrofísica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andrés Bello（天体物理研究所，精确科学学院，安德烈斯·贝略大学）；Vatican Observatory（梵蒂冈天文台）
H2 emission in the Orion Bar, NGC7023 and the Horsehead Nebula observed with the James Webb Space Telescope
Instituto de Física Fundamental (CSIC)（基础物理研究所（西班牙科学理事会））；Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS（空间天体物理学研究所，巴黎萨克雷大学，法国国家科学研究中心）；Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario（韦仕敦大学物理与天文系）；Institute for Earth and Space Exploration, The University of Western Ontario（韦仕敦大学地球与太空探索研究所）；Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan（密歇根大学天文系）；Astronomy Department, University of Maryland（马里兰大学天文系）；Leiden Observatory, Leiden University（莱顿大学莱顿天文台）
Back to basics: Little Red Dots as galaxies and dust-obscured AGNs in a synthetic NIRCam sky simulated with L-GalaxiesBH
Donostia International Physics Centre (DIPC)（多诺斯蒂亚国际物理中心）；University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU（巴斯克国立大学）；Como Lake Center for AstroPhysics, University of Insubria（因斯布鲁克大学科莫湖天体物理中心）；Dipartimento di Fisica “G. Occhialini”, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca（米兰比可卡大学 G. Occhialini 物理系）；INFN, Sezione di Milano-Bicocca（意大利国家核物理研究所米兰比可卡分部）；Key Laboratory for Computational Astrophysics, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院国家天文台计算天体物理学重点实验室）；School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学天文与空间科学学院）；Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Beijing Normal University（北京师范大学前沿天文与天体物理研究所）；School of Physics and Astronomy, Beijing Normal University（北京师范大学物理与天文学院）；Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC)（空间科学研究所（加泰罗尼亚高等研究学院，西班牙国家科研委员会））
