arXiv 2502.047692025-02-07astro-ph.SRastro-ph.HEphysics.space-ph

太阳耀斑作为电子加速器：朝向解决加速效率问题

Solar flares as electron accelerators: toward a resolution of the acceleration efficiency issue

Anna Volpara, Paolo Massa, Michele Piana, Anna Maria Massone, A Gordon Emslie

AI总结：

本文利用空间分辨硬X射线观测和谱反演方法，解决太阳耀斑中磁重联电子加速效率的争议，发现被加速电子占比不超过约1%。

摘要：

关于活动太阳的一个重大未决问题是磁重联在耀斑中加速电子的有效性。2022年发表在《自然》上的一篇论文利用微波观测得出结论：太阳是一个几乎理想的加速器，将日冕体积内几乎所有电子都加速到非热能。此后不久，发表在《天体物理学杂志快报》上的一篇论文利用同一事件的硬X射线测量得出了相反的结论：可用的电子中被加速的不到1%。本文通过使用硬X射线辐射的空间分辨观测和谱反演方法来确定整个耀斑期间电子谱的演化，从而解决这一争议。因此，我们估算了电子加速所在介质的密度，并由此得出被加速电子密度与环境电子密度之比。结果表明，在所分析的案例中，该比值从未超过约1%。

英文摘要：

A major open issue concerning the active Sun is the effectiveness with which magnetic reconnection accelerates electrons in flares. A paper published by {\em{Nature}} in 2022 used microwave observations to conclude that the Sun is an almost ideal accelerator, energizing nearly all electrons within a coronal volume to nonthermal energies. Shortly thereafter, a paper published in {\em{Astrophysical Journal Letters}} used hard X-ray measurements \emph{of the same event} to reach the contradictory conclusion that less than 1\% of the available electrons were accelerated. Here we address this controversy by using spatially resolved observations of hard X-ray emission and a spectral inversion method to determine the evolution of the electron spectrum throughout the flare. So we estimated the density of the medium where electrons accelerate and, from this, the ratio of accelerated to ambient electron densities. Results show that this ratio never exceeds a percent or so in the cases analyzed.

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