本文概述了美国联邦政府中负责任人工智能（RAI）的原则、政策与实践，分析了相关监管格局，并以人口普查局用例和评估工具包为例，探讨了联邦机构落实 RAI 的挑战与机遇。
摘要：
人工智能（AI）和机器学习（ML）在过去几十年中取得了巨大进步。从简单的推荐系统到更复杂的肿瘤识别系统，AI/ML 系统已被广泛应用于众多领域。AI/ML 的快速增长及其在大量私营和公共部门应用中的普及，虽然取得了成功，但也给监管机构带来了新的挑战和障碍。由于一些新的决策型 AI/ML 系统几乎不需要或完全不需要人类参与，现在迫切需要确保这些系统的负责任使用。特别是在联邦政府的使用场景中，AI 技术的使用必须受到适当的透明度和问责机制的严格治理。这催生了新的跨学科 AI 研究领域，如负责任人工智能（Responsible AI，RAI）。在这篇立场论文中，我们简要概述了 RAI 的发展，并讨论了该领域通常探讨的一些激励性原则。我们还概述了当前与 AI 相关的监管格局，并分析了不同的行政命令、政策和框架。随后，我们举例说明联邦机构如何致力于负责任地使用 AI，具体介绍了人口普查局在实施负责任 AI 使用方面的不同项目和研究用例。我们还简要概述了一个正在开发中的负责任人工智能评估工具包（Responsible AI Assessment Toolkit），该工具包旨在帮助联邦机构将 RAI 原则付诸实施。最后，我们进行了深入讨论，探讨不同政策/法规如何映射到 RAI 原则，以及联邦政府内部负责任 AI 的监管/治理所面临的挑战与机遇。
英文摘要：
Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have made tremendous advancements in the past decades. From simple recommendation systems to more complex tumor identification systems, AI/ML systems have been utilized in a plethora of applications. This rapid growth of AI/ML and its proliferation in numerous private and public sector applications, while successful, has also opened new challenges and obstacles for regulators. With almost little to no human involvement required for some of the new decision-making AI/ML systems, there is now a pressing need to ensure the responsible use of these systems. Particularly in federal government use-cases, the use of AI technologies must be carefully governed by appropriate transparency and accountability mechanisms. This has given rise to new interdisciplinary fields of AI research such as \textit{Responsible AI (RAI)}. In this position paper we provide a brief overview of development in RAI and discuss some of the motivating principles commonly explored in the field. An overview of the current regulatory landscape relating to AI is also discussed with analysis of different Executive Orders, policies and frameworks. We then present examples of how federal agencies are aiming for the responsible use of AI, specifically we present use-case examples of different projects and research from the Census Bureau on implementing the responsible use of AI. We also provide a brief overview for a Responsible AI Assessment Toolkit currently under-development aimed at helping federal agencies operationalize RAI principles. Finally, a robust discussion on how different policies/regulations map to RAI principles, along with challenges and opportunities for regulation/governance of responsible AI within the federal government is presented.
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Government of the Federal District（联邦区政府的）；Federal District School of Government（联邦区政府学院）
Imagine All the People: Citizen Science, Artificial Intelligence, and Computational Research
University of Wisconsin-Madison（威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校）；International Computer Science Institute（国际计算机科学研究所）；University of Minnesota（明尼苏达大学）；The Ohio State University（俄亥俄州立大学）；Syracuse University（雪城大学）；Human Computation Institute（人类计算研究所）
Framework, Standards, Applications and Best practices of Responsible AI : A Comprehensive Survey
College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Zhejiang A&F University（浙江农林大学数学与计算机科学学院）；Munster Technological University（芒斯特理工大学）；School of Computing, Faculty of Engineering and Computing Dublin City University（都柏林城市大学工程与计算学院计算机学院）；City University of Hong Kong（香港城市大学）；Northumbria University（诺森比亚大学）；Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University（深圳北理莫斯科大学人工智能研究院）；School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology（北京理工大学医学技术学院）
