奇异黑洞与正则黑洞、无视界致密天体以及反弹之间运动学跃迁中的零收敛条件违背现象
Violations of the null convergence condition in kinematical transitions between singular and regular black holes, horizonless compact objects, and bounces
AI总结：
该研究针对正则黑洞规避彭罗斯奇点定理的机制，分析了奇异黑洞与正则黑洞、无视界致密天体及反弹的运动学跃迁过程，证实跃迁中间阶段常出现零收敛条件违背，为理解相关天体规避奇点定理约束提供新视角。
摘要：
正则黑洞如何规避彭罗斯奇点定理？各类定态正则黑洞模型在全局范围内满足零收敛条件（NCC）。乍看之下这似乎令人困惑，因为要避免彭罗斯定理所隐含的聚焦点，通常必须违背NCC。事实上，彭罗斯奇点定理依赖于微妙的全局假设，并未提供奇点实际形成的时间与位置信息。特别是内视界通常在零测地线聚焦发生之前，于有限仿射参数处抵达，且内视界内部的区域本身并非捕获区。具体而言，定态正则黑洞的Bardeen（巴丁）、Dymnikova（蒂姆尼科娃）、Hayward（海沃德）模型都具有一个内柯西视界，该视界违背了全局双曲性，因此违背了彭罗斯奇点定理的关键假设之一，此外也对它们作为引力坍缩长寿命终态的可行性提出了挑战。相比之下，在描述标准奇异黑洞与正则黑洞或无视界致密天体之间运动学跃迁的非定态过程中，内视界（若存在）不一定充当柯西视界。这引出了一个引人关注的可能性：NCC或许会在此类跃迁的中间阶段发生违背。我们的详细分析证实，即使定态终态时空满足NCC，NCC违背现象也会在此类运动学跃迁期间频繁发生。我们还研究了向黑洞反弹时空及其对应的无视界致密天体（虫洞）的类似跃迁，这类情形中NCC始终被违背。这些发现为正则黑洞及相关天体如何规避彭罗斯奇点定理施加的约束提供了新的见解。
英文摘要：
How do regular black holes evade the Penrose singularity theorem? Various models of stationary regular black holes globally satisfy the null convergence condition (NCC). At first glance this might seem puzzling, as the NCC must generically be violated to avoid the focusing point implied by the Penrose theorem. In fact, the Penrose singularity theorem depends on subtle global assumptions and does not provide information about where and when the singularity actually forms. In particular inner horizons are typically reached at finite affine parameter, before null geodesic focusing occurs, and the region inside the inner horizon is not itself a trapped region. Specifically, the Bardeen, Dymnikova, Hayward models of stationary regular black holes feature an inner Cauchy horizon which violates global hyperbolicity, hence violating one of the key assumptions of Penrose's singularity theorem, and furthermore challenging their viability as long-living end-points of gravitational collapse. In contrast, during non-stationary processes describing kinematic transitions between standard singular black holes and regular black holes or horizonless compact objects, the inner horizon -- when present -- need not act as a Cauchy horizon. This raises the intriguing possibility that the NCC might instead be violated during intermediate stages of such transitions. Our detailed analysis confirms that NCC violations occur frequently during such kinematic transitions, even when the stationary end-point spacetimes respect the NCC. We also investigate analogous transitions toward black-bounce spacetimes and their horizonless compact counterparts, wormholes, where the NCC is always violated. These findings offer new insights into how regular black holes and related objects evade the constraints imposed by the Penrose singularity theorem.
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