发表机构
IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe; SISSA, International School for Advanced Studies; INFN Sezione di Trieste（基础物理宇宙研究所; 高级研究国际学院; 的里雅斯特国家核物理研究所）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究通过数值演化含时Hayward几何上的标量扰动，发现动态弛豫的黑洞模拟体的晚期信号保留其内部动力学历史记忆，而非仅由最终构型决定。
AI 中文摘要
正则黑洞（RBHs）和无视界黑洞模拟体（BHMs）通常被作为经典黑洞的静态替代方案来研究，尽管其内部可能不稳定或处于弛豫过程中。我们通过在预设的、含时依赖的Hayward型几何上数值演化线性标量扰动，来研究这一演化的现象学后果。我们考虑了BHM-RBH-BHM历史，其中初始无界物体暂时发展出一个陷俘区域，随后通过单次反弹或一系列重复反弹回到无界构型。利用穿透视界的Painlevé-Gullstrand坐标，我们追踪扰动穿过陷俘视界的形成与消失过程，并计算由此产生的波形和标量场能量。对于具有相同初始和最终几何的历史，我们发现改变中间正则黑洞阶段的持续时间会导致晚期信号（包括其回波）的振幅和相位产生差异。更长的陷俘阶段还带来更大的能量放大，这与出射模式在内陷俘视界附近的蓝移一致。这些结果表明，动态弛豫的BHM的晚期响应不必仅由其最终构型决定：它可以保留其内部动力学历史的记忆。
英文摘要
Regular black holes (RBHs) and horizonless black hole mimickers (BHMs) are often studied as stationary alternatives to classical black holes, although their interiors may be unstable or undergoing relaxation. We investigate the phenomenological consequences of this evolution by numerically evolving linear scalar perturbations on prescribed, time-dependent Hayward-like geometries. We consider BHM--RBH--BHM histories in which an initially horizonless object temporarily develops a trapped region before returning to a horizonless configuration, through either a single bounce or a sequence of repeated bounces. Using horizon-penetrating Painlevé--Gullstrand coordinates, we follow the perturbations through the formation and disappearance of trapping horizons and compute the resulting waveforms and scalar-field energy. For histories with identical initial and final geometries, we find that changing the duration of the intermediate regular black hole phase produces differences in the amplitude and phase of the late-time signal, including its echoes. Longer trapped phases also yield greater energy amplification, consistent with the blueshift of outgoing modes near the inner trapping horizon. These results show that the late-time response of a dynamically relaxing BHM need not be determined by its final configuration alone: it can retain a memory of the dynamical history of its interior.
