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arXiv 2501.07421cs.RO
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四种立体深度传感相机在机器人应用中的实证比较

Empirical Comparison of Four Stereoscopic Depth Sensing Cameras for Robotics Applications

Czech Technical University in Prague(捷克技术大学)

Lukas Rustler, Vojtech Volprecht, Matej Hoffmann

AI总结:

本研究实证比较了四种立体RGB-D相机在三种场景下的性能,发现D435在近距离(<1米)误差小于1厘米,ZED 2在远距离(4米)误差小于3厘米,并公开了全部数据。

摘要:

深度传感是机器人技术及许多其他领域中的一项关键技术。市场上已有多种深度传感(或RGB-D)相机可供选择,而为您的应用挑选最佳相机可能颇具挑战性。在本研究中,我们测试了四种通过利用略微不同视角的两张图像来感知距离的立体RGB-D相机。我们在三种场景下对四种相机(Intel RealSense D435、Intel RealSense D455、StereoLabs ZED 2和Luxonis OAK-D Pro)进行了实证比较:(i)平面表面感知,(ii)塑料玩偶感知,(iii)家用物体感知(YCB数据集)。我们对每台相机记录并评估了超过3,000帧RGB-D图像。对于距离物体不超过一米的桌面机器人场景,D435相机提供了最佳性能,它能够在所有测试场景中以低于1厘米的误差进行感知。对于更远的距离,其他三款型号表现更佳,使其更适合某些移动机器人应用。OAK-D Pro还额外提供了集成AI模块(例如,物体和人体关键点检测)。ZED 2总体上是性能最佳的相机,即使在4米距离处也能将误差保持在3厘米以下。然而,它并非独立设备,需要配备带GPU的计算机来进行深度数据采集。所有数据(超过12,000帧RGB-D图像)可在https://rustlluk.github.io/rgbd-comparison公开获取。

英文摘要:

Depth sensing is an essential technology in robotics and many other fields. Many depth sensing (or RGB-D) cameras are available on the market and selecting the best one for your application can be challenging. In this work, we tested four stereoscopic RGB-D cameras that sense the distance by using two images from slightly different views. We empirically compared four cameras (Intel RealSense D435, Intel RealSense D455, StereoLabs ZED 2, and Luxonis OAK-D Pro) in three scenarios: (i) planar surface perception, (ii) plastic doll perception, (iii) household object perception (YCB dataset). We recorded and evaluated more than 3,000 RGB-D frames for each camera. For table-top robotics scenarios with distance to objects up to one meter, the best performance is provided by the D435 camera that is able to perceive with an error under 1 cm in all of the tested scenarios. For longer distances, the other three models perform better, making them more suitable for some mobile robotics applications. OAK-D Pro additionally offers integrated AI modules (e.g., object and human keypoint detection). ZED 2 is overall the best camera which is able to keep the error under 3 cm even at 4 meters. However, it is not a standalone device and requires a computer with a GPU for depth data acquisition. All data (more than 12,000 RGB-D frames) are publicly available at https://rustlluk.github.io/rgbd-comparison.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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