ENUBET监测中微子束及其在CERN的实施
The ENUBET monitored neutrino beam and its implementation at CERN
AI总结：
ENUBET完成监测中微子束研发，利用衰变隧道带电轻子测量将通量系统误差约束至1%，并设计面向CERN北区的改进束线，以实现高精度中微子截面实验。
摘要：
ENUBET项目近期完成了一项不依赖场址的监测中微子束设计研发，用于高精度截面测量；在该方案中，中微子通量通过在仪器化衰变隧道中测量带电轻子来推断。此阶段取得了三项基本成果，并将在本文中讨论：1）一条无需horn（磁聚焦喇叭）而依赖静态聚焦元件的束流线，使得在DUNE能量范围内进行ν_e截面测量成为可能；采用10^20个400 GeV靶上质子（pot）和一个ProtoDUNE尺寸的中微子探测器，可达到1%的统计不确定度；2）衰变隧道的仪器化基于高性价比的取样量能器方案，已经通过大尺度原型机测试，实现了以高信噪比识别来自K介子衰变的正电子和μ子所需的性能；3）通过拟合衰变隧道中测得的带电轻子可观测量，中微子通量的系统误差预算被约束在1%水平。基于这些成功结果，ENUBET目前正在Physics Beyond Colliders框架下推进在CERN的依赖场址实施方案研究。在此背景下，一条新束流线已经完成设计并正在优化，该束流线能够在HK的能量处富集中微子通量，并将所需pot减少超过3倍。面向两台ProtoDUNE、在北区安置ENUBET的土木工程和辐射防护研究也属于本工作范围，目标是在2026年提出一项中微子截面实验。联合使用两台中微子探测器和改进后的束流线，将使约5年内以前所未有的精度开展截面测量成为可能，并且其质子需求与CERN第三次长停机后其他用户的需求相容。
英文摘要：
The ENUBET project recently concluded the R&D for a site independent design of a monitored neutrino beam for high precision cross section measurements, in which the neutrino flux is inferred from the measurement of charged leptons in an instrumented decay tunnel. In this phase three fundamental results were obtained and will be discussed here: 1) a beamline not requiring a horn and relying on static focusing elements allows to perform a $ν_e$ cross section measurement in the DUNE energy range with 1% statistical uncertainty employing $10^{20}$ 400 GeV protons on target (pot) and a neutrino detector of the size of ProtoDUNE; 2) the instrumentation of the decay tunnel, based on a cost effective sampling calorimeter solution, has been tested with a large scale prototype achieving the performance required to identify positrons and muons from kaon decays with high signal-to-noise ratio; 3) the systematics budget on the neutrino flux is constrained at the 1% level by fitting the charged leptons observables measured in the decay tunnel. Based on these successful results ENUBET is now pursuing a study for a site dependent implementation at CERN in the framework of Physics Beyond Colliders. In this context a new beamline, able to enrich the neutrino flux at the energy of HK and to reduce by more than a factor 3 the needed pot, has been designed and is being optimized. The civil engineering and radioprotection studies for the siting of ENUBET in the North Area towards the two ProtoDUNEs are also in the scope of this work, with the goal of proposing a neutrino cross section experiment in 2026. The combined use of both the neutrino detectors and of the improved beamline would allow to perform cross section measurements with unprecedented precision in about 5 years with a proton request compatible with the needs of other users after CERN Long Shutdown 3.
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