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arXiv 2501.03035cs.CLcs.AI
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量化遇上推理:探索大语言模型低比特量化退化对数学推理的影响

Quantization Meets Reasoning: Exploring LLM Low-Bit Quantization Degradation for Mathematical Reasoning

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University(香港理工大学);Southern University of Science and Technology(南方科技大学);Tsinghua University(清华大学);Reallm Labs(Reallm实验室);Wuhan University(武汉大学);The University of Hong Kong(香港大学)

Zhen Li, Yupeng Su, Runming Yang, Congkai Xie, Zheng Wang, Zhongwei Xie, Ngai Wong, Hongxia Yang

AI总结:

本研究系统评估量化对LLM数学推理的影响,发现AWQ和GPTQ导致高达32.39%准确率下降,并提出多维评估框架及微调恢复策略,使推理能力接近全精度水平。

摘要:

大语言模型在复杂数学推理基准(如MATH)上取得了显著进展。然而,其巨大的计算需求给实际部署带来了挑战。模型量化已成为一种通过采用更低精度和位宽表示来减少内存使用和计算成本的有效策略。在本研究中,我们系统地评估了量化对数学推理任务的影响。我们的结果表明,诸如AWQ和GPTQ之类的激进量化方法在Llama-3模型上引入了高达32.39%的准确率退化(平均11.31%),尤其在数值计算和推理规划方面。为了解决这一问题,我们引入了一个结合定性能力分析和定量误差评估的多维评估框架。我们进一步制定了针对性的恢复策略,表明仅在4个GPU上对545个任务特定示例进行3分钟的量化模型微调,即可有效将推理能力恢复到接近全精度的水平。此外,我们的误差评估流程在3,366个失败案例中实现了98.9%的诊断和定位误差准确率,为缓解量化引起的退化提供了可操作的见解。

英文摘要:

Large language models have achieved significant advancements in complex mathematical reasoning benchmarks, such as MATH. However, their substantial computational requirements present challenges for practical deployment. Model quantization has emerged as an effective strategy to reduce memory usage and computational costs by employing lower precision and bit-width representations. In this study, we systematically evaluate the impact of quantization on mathematical reasoning tasks. Our results demonstrate that aggressive quantization methods like AWQ and GPTQ introduce up to 32.39% accuracy degradation (average 11.31%) on Llama-3 models, particularly in numerical computation and reasoning planning. To address this, we introduce a multidimensional evaluation framework combining qualitative capability analysis and quantitative error assessment. We further develop targeted recovery strategies, showing that fine-tuning quantized models on only 545 task-specific examples for 3 minutes on 4 GPUs effectively restores reasoning capabilities to near full-precision levels. Additionally, our error assessment pipeline achieves 98.9% accuracy in diagnosing and localizing errors across 3,366 failure cases, providing actionable insights for mitigating quantization-induced degradation.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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