涌现高维光学涡旋的动态实现
Dynamic realization of emergent high-dimensional optical vortices
AI总结：
本文提出高维梯度厚度光学腔（GTOC），利用金属-电介质多层膜的光学耦合在三维及以上广义参数空间中实现并实验观测高维光学涡旋结构及其拓扑转变，为高维物理模拟和有源拓扑光子器件开发提供新途径。
摘要：
涡旋结构的维度最近已被拓展至二维以上，为高容量信息处理与湍流控制提供了更高阶的拓扑特性与鲁棒性。高维涡旋结构的产生大多已在经典系统中通过流体波、声波或电磁波的复杂干涉得到演示。然而，天然材料很少支持三维或更高维的涡旋结构及其物理相互作用。在此，我们提出一种高维梯度厚度光学腔（GTOC），其中平面金属-电介质多层膜的光学耦合实现了跨多个维度的拓扑相互作用。高维GTOC中的拓扑相互作用构造出非平凡的拓扑相，从而在三维、四维及更高维的广义参数空间中诱导出高维涡旋结构。这些涌现的高维涡旋结构在电光层析成像下被观测为二维实空间中的光学涡旋动力学，其中利用电介质层的光学厚度作为合成维度。我们实验演示了三维广义参数空间中的涌现涡旋结构、光学涡旋线与涡旋环及其拓扑转变。此外，我们探索了被称为光学涡旋面的四维涡旋结构，其提供了实空间光学涡旋动力学的可编程性。我们的发现对于模拟高维物理以及开发有源拓扑光子器件具有重要前景。
英文摘要：
The dimensionality of vortical structures has recently been extended beyond two dimensions, providing higher-order topological characteristics and robustness for high-capacity information processing and turbulence control. The generation of high-dimensional vortical structures has mostly been demonstrated in classical systems through the complex interference of fluidic, acoustic, or electromagnetic waves. However, natural materials rarely support three- or higher-dimensional vortical structures and their physical interactions. Here, we present a high-dimensional gradient thickness optical cavity (GTOC) in which the optical coupling of planar metal-dielectric multilayers implements topological interactions across multiple dimensions. Topological interactions in high-dimensional GTOC construct non-trivial topological phases, which induce high-dimensional vortical structures in generalized parameter space in three, four dimensions, and beyond. These emergent high-dimensional vortical structures are observed under electro-optic tomography as optical vortex dynamics in two-dimensional real-space, employing the optical thicknesses of the dielectric layers as synthetic dimensions. We experimentally demonstrate emergent vortical structures, optical vortex lines and vortex rings, in a three-dimensional generalized parameter space and their topological transitions. Furthermore, we explore four-dimensional vortical structures, termed optical vortex sheets, which provide the programmability of real-space optical vortex dynamics. Our findings hold significant promise for emulating high-dimensional physics and developing active topological photonic devices.
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