论文路径：经济学研究生产函数中的导师与学生
Dissertation Paths: Advisors and Students in the Economics Research Production Function
AI总结：
本文研究经济学博士项目中导师指导对研究生博士后研究生产力的影响，发现指导高度集中，导师研究活跃性、领域亲和力与学生成功相关，且学生总产出与入学人数线性相关，男女初期生产力相当但女性峰值更早。
摘要：
精英经济学博士项目旨在培养研究生从事终身学术研究。本文探讨导师指导如何影响研究生获得博士学位后的研究生产力。指导高度集中：在我们研究的八所高选择性学校中，少数导师承担了大部分指导工作。我们量化了导师属性（如导师自身的研究产出）以及指导关系的方面（如合著和研究领域亲和力），这些可能有助于学生的研究成功。由研究活跃、多产的导师指导的学生往往发表更多论文，而合著没有影响。学生与导师的研究亲和力也能预测学生的成功。但学校层面的总生产函数提供的因果效应证据较弱，表明成功的导师吸引了可能成功的学生，而不一定提高学生成功的几率。因果效应的证据在导师自身研究产出的衡量指标上最强。学生研究总产出似乎与研究生入学人数呈线性比例，没有证据表明存在负的班级规模效应。对研究产出性别差异的分析显示，男女研究生在获得博士学位后的最初几年生产力相当，但女性生产力达到峰值的时间早于男性。
英文摘要：
Elite economics PhD programs aim to train graduate students for a lifetime of academic research. This paper asks how advising affects graduate students' post-PhD research productivity. Advising is highly concentrated: at the eight highly-selective schools in our study, a minority of advisors do most of the advising work. We quantify advisor attributes such as an advisor's own research output and aspects of the advising relationship like coauthoring and research field affinity that might contribute to student research success. Students advised by research-active, prolific advisors tend to publish more, while coauthoring has no effect. Student-advisor research affinity also predicts student success. But a school-level aggregate production function provides much weaker evidence of causal effects, suggesting that successful advisors attract students likely to succeed-without necessarily boosting their students' chances of success. Evidence for causal effects is strongest for a measure of advisors' own research output. Aggregate student research output appears to scale linearly with graduate student enrollment, with no evidence of negative class-size effects. An analysis of gender differences in research output shows male and female graduate students to be equally productive in the first few years post-PhD, but female productivity peaks sooner than male productivity.
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