固液混合式振动能量收集器的可行性研究：数值模拟与分析
Feasibility Study of a Hybrid Solid Liquid Vibration Energy Harvester: Numerical Simulation & Analysis
AI总结：
本文通过数值模拟研究一种由铁磁流体与压电梁组成的固液混合式振动能量收集器的可行性，分析磁场、流体晃动和梁振动耦合下的能量输出特性，揭示其共振与宽频响应机制。
摘要：
本文提出并研究了一种固液混合式振动能量收集器的可行性。该能量收集器由部分填充铁磁流体的容器和固定于容器壁上的压电梁组成。假设容器置于非均匀磁场中，该磁场由对称放置在容器壁外侧的两块强力磁铁产生。随后，通过一个磁场函数对该磁场进行建模，以模拟两块磁铁所产生的磁场。我们利用压电梁构型和振荡载荷来研究和表征这一二维多尺度、多物理场、多相流体-结构相互作用。容器受到外部振荡运动的作用，该运动使铁磁流体晃动，并通过两种模式使梁发生振荡：一种源于梁自身的惯性，另一种源于铁磁流体对梁的冲击。研究中变化的参数包括压电材料、铁磁流体填充高度、压电梁长度和振荡频率。压电梁的固有频率模态非常重要，因为梁在这些模态下收集的功率最高。我们观察到，当流体运动激励梁振动时，在某些情况下，压电材料的电压输出会达到很高的峰值，这表明材料在这些情况下所承受的流体载荷使其接近共振频率。然而，在其他情况下，电压输出随载荷变化而变化，因此压电梁的响应是宽频带的，这与晃动现象非常相似，而晃动本质上就是宽频带的。
英文摘要：
In this paper, we have introduced and studied the feasibility of a hybrid solid liquid vibration energy harvester. The energy harvester consists of a ferrofluid partially filled in a tank and a piezoelectric beam fixed at one of the tank walls. The tank is assumed to be placed in a nonuniform magnetic field created by placing two powerful magnets symmetrically external to the tank walls. This magnetic field was then implemented by a Magnetic field function modeling the magnetic field produced by the two magnets. We used piezoelectric beam configurations and oscillation loads to study and characterize this 2D multiscale, multiphysics, and multiphase fluid structure interaction. The tank is subjected to an external oscillatory motion, which sloshes the ferrofluid and oscillates the beam utilizing two modes, one due to the beams inertia and the second due to the impact of the ferrofluid on the beam. The parameters varied in piezo materials, ferrofluid fill height, piezoelectric beam length, and oscillation frequency. The natural frequency modes for the piezoelectric beam are very important since the beam harvests the highest power in those modes. We have observed that when the fluid motion vibrates the beam, in some instances, the voltage output from piezoelectric material peaks to a high value, which is indicative of material nearing resonance frequencies at the fluid loading realized in those instances. However, in other cases, the voltage output varies with the loading, and hence, the response of the piezoelectric beam is broadband, very similar to the sloshing, which is inherently broadband.
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